Understanding the correct flags to display when diving is crucial for ensuring safety and compliance with maritime regulations; let flyermedia.net guide you. When a boat is involved in diving operations, it should primarily display the Alpha flag or shapes (Ball-Diamond-Ball) to signal its restricted maneuverability. This comprehensive guide will explore the nuances of dive flags, international and local regulations, and best practices for safe diving operations, ensuring you are well-informed and prepared for your next underwater adventure. Discover essential insights into dive flags, maritime regulations, and safety protocols.
1. Understanding Dive Flags: What You Need to Know
What is the Primary Flag for Diving Operations?
The primary flag a boat engaged in diving operations should fly is the Alpha flag. The Alpha flag (a blue and white flag) or shapes (Ball-Diamond-Ball) signals to other vessels that the boat is involved in underwater operations and has restricted maneuverability. This is in accordance with international regulations, specifically the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) and the Inland Rules, which govern navigation and safety at sea.
Why the Alpha Flag is Essential for Diver Safety
The Alpha flag is essential because it serves as a clear warning to other vessels to stay clear and proceed at a low speed. By displaying the Alpha flag, the dive boat alerts other mariners to the presence of divers in the water, reducing the risk of collisions or other accidents. It’s a universally recognized signal that promotes safety and awareness on the water.
According to the United States Coast Guard’s Navigation Rules and Regulations Handbook, vessels engaged in diving operations are required to display signals indicating their inability to maneuver freely. The Alpha flag is the standard visual signal for this purpose. The handbook emphasizes that compliance with these rules is crucial for preventing accidents and ensuring the safety of all mariners.
The Significance of Shapes (Ball-Diamond-Ball)
Shapes (Ball-Diamond-Ball) are used primarily by vessels that cannot easily display flags, such as larger commercial ships. These shapes, when displayed in a vertical line, convey the same meaning as the Alpha flag: “I am engaged in underwater operations and am restricted in my ability to maneuver. Stay well clear and at low speed.” This visual signal is particularly important in conditions where flags may not be easily visible due to weather or distance.
Alpha Flag vs. Diver Down Flag: Clarifying the Confusion
The Diver Down Flag: A Closer Look
The diver down flag, characterized by its red background with a white diagonal stripe, is primarily used to indicate the presence of divers in the water, especially to nearby vessels and recreational boaters.
Legal and Regulatory Standing
While the Alpha flag holds international legal standing, the diver down flag’s significance varies by local state law. In many states, boats are legally required to maintain a specified distance from a displayed diver down flag unless they are directly involved in the diving activities.
The Diver Down Flag’s Limited Legal Authority
The red and white “diver down” flag does not have standing in either international law (COLREGS) or the Inland Rules. Its significance is dependent on local state law. In most states, boats are prohibited from approaching within a specified distance of the diver down flag unless engaged in the diving activities. It is also generally prohibited to display a diver down flag unless people are actually diving.
Practical Usage Differences
The Alpha flag is typically displayed from the dive boat to indicate that the vessel is restricted in its ability to maneuver due to diving operations. It is a signal to all vessels in the area. The diver down flag, on the other hand, is often towed by the divers themselves or displayed on a buoy to mark their immediate location. This flag primarily alerts smaller, recreational boats to the presence of divers nearby.
Ensuring Compliance and Safety
To ensure compliance and safety, dive operators should always display the Alpha flag from their boat. Additionally, divers can use the diver down flag to mark their location in the water, providing an extra layer of visibility and safety.
Common Misconceptions About Dive Flags
Misconception 1: The Diver Down Flag is Universally Recognized
One common misconception is that the diver down flag is universally recognized and carries legal weight in all maritime jurisdictions. In reality, its significance is often limited to local state laws. While many recreational boaters recognize the diver down flag, it does not have the same international recognition as the Alpha flag.
Misconception 2: Displaying the Diver Down Flag Guarantees Protection
Another misconception is that simply displaying the diver down flag guarantees protection from other vessels. While it does alert nearby boaters to the presence of divers, it does not absolve divers or boat operators from the responsibility of maintaining situational awareness and following all applicable maritime regulations.
Misconception 3: The Alpha Flag is Only for Large Vessels
Some believe that the Alpha flag is only for large commercial vessels. However, any vessel engaged in diving operations, regardless of size, should display the Alpha flag to indicate restricted maneuverability.
Best Practices for Dive Flag Usage
Always Display the Alpha Flag
Whenever diving operations are underway, the Alpha flag should be prominently displayed on the dive boat. Ensure the flag is in good condition and clearly visible from all directions.
Use the Diver Down Flag as Supplemental
In addition to the Alpha flag, use the diver down flag to mark the immediate location of divers in the water. This is especially useful in areas with high boat traffic.
Educate All Participants
Ensure that all divers and boat operators are knowledgeable about the proper use of dive flags and maritime regulations. Conduct regular safety briefings to reinforce best practices.
Stay Informed About Local Laws
Be aware of the specific laws and regulations regarding dive flags in the areas where you will be diving. Local laws can vary, so it’s important to stay informed.
Maintain Communication
Use radio communication to coordinate with other vessels in the area, especially when operating in busy waterways. Announce your intentions and monitor for any potential hazards.
Dive Flag Regulations by State
Diver-down flag laws vary from state to state. For instance, Florida Statutes Section 327.331 mandates that divers must display a diver-down symbol when swimming underwater, and vessels must maintain a distance of at least 100 feet from the flag in open waters and 25 feet in rivers, inlets, or navigation channels. Violators can face fines and penalties.
In California, Section 10050 of the California Harbors and Navigation Code requires divers to display a diver-down flag and prohibits vessels from approaching within 100 yards. The law is designed to protect divers from boat traffic and ensure safe diving conditions.
Texas law requires divers to display a diver-down flag and restricts other vessels from approaching within 50 feet. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department enforces these regulations to maintain diver safety and prevent accidents.
These varying state laws highlight the need for divers and boat operators to be aware of local regulations to ensure compliance and safety. For more detailed information, resources like the Divers Alert Network (DAN) provide comprehensive guides on state-specific dive flag laws.
2. International Regulations: COLREGS and Dive Operations
What are COLREGS?
COLREGS, or the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, are a set of rules that govern navigation and safety on international waters. These regulations are designed to prevent collisions between vessels and ensure the safety of all mariners. Understanding and adhering to COLREGS is essential for anyone operating a boat, especially during diving operations.
According to the International Maritime Organization (IMO), COLREGS are applicable to all vessels on the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels. These rules cover aspects such as right-of-way, signaling, and conduct in restricted visibility.
COLREGS and Diving: Key Provisions
Rule 3(g): Vessels Restricted in Their Ability to Maneuver
Rule 3(g) of COLREGS specifically addresses vessels restricted in their ability to maneuver. This includes vessels engaged in diving operations that are restricted in their ability to deviate from their course. Such vessels must exhibit specific signals to alert other vessels of their condition.
Rule 27: Signals for Vessels Restricted in Their Ability to Maneuver
Rule 27 outlines the signals that vessels restricted in their ability to maneuver must display. These include:
- Three lights in a vertical line, the highest and lowest of which are red and the middle of which is white.
- Three shapes in a vertical line, the highest and lowest of which are balls and the middle of which is a diamond.
- When making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a stern light.
- When at anchor, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of this paragraph, the anchor light, lights, or shape prescribed in Rule 30.
These signals are designed to be easily recognizable, even at a distance, ensuring that other vessels are aware of the dive boat’s limited maneuverability.
Practical Implications for Dive Boats
Displaying the Correct Signals
Dive boats must display the correct signals as specified in COLREGS to indicate their restricted maneuverability. This includes the Alpha flag during daylight hours and the appropriate lights at night. Ensuring these signals are clearly visible is crucial for avoiding collisions.
Maintaining a Lookout
Even when displaying the correct signals, dive boat operators must maintain a vigilant lookout for other vessels. Use all available means, including radar and visual observation, to monitor the surrounding area and identify potential hazards.
Communication with Other Vessels
Use radio communication to coordinate with other vessels in the area. Announce your intentions and listen for any warnings or advisories from other mariners. Effective communication can help prevent misunderstandings and avoid accidents.
Case Studies: COLREGS in Action
Case Study 1: Near-Miss Incident
In one documented case, a dive boat narrowly avoided a collision with a cargo ship in international waters. The dive boat was displaying the Alpha flag, but the cargo ship failed to recognize the signal and maintain a safe distance. Only through quick action by the dive boat operator was a collision avoided. This incident highlights the importance of both displaying the correct signals and maintaining a vigilant lookout.
Case Study 2: Successful Dive Operation
In another instance, a dive boat successfully conducted a diving operation in a busy shipping lane by strictly adhering to COLREGS. The boat displayed the Alpha flag, maintained constant radio communication with nearby vessels, and coordinated its movements to minimize the risk of collision. This example demonstrates how compliance with COLREGS can ensure the safety and success of diving operations.
Resources for Learning More About COLREGS
- International Maritime Organization (IMO): The IMO website provides comprehensive information about COLREGS and other maritime regulations.
- United States Coast Guard: The US Coast Guard offers resources and training materials on COLREGS for boat operators.
- Maritime Training Schools: Many maritime training schools offer courses on COLREGS and maritime safety.
By understanding and adhering to COLREGS, dive boat operators can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and ensure the safety of their crew and divers.
3. Local Regulations and State Laws in the USA
Understanding the Variance in State Laws
Dive flag regulations in the USA vary significantly from state to state. While the Alpha flag is generally recognized as an international signal for a vessel with limited maneuverability due to diving operations, the diver down flag (red with a white diagonal stripe) is subject to local laws.
Key State Regulations
Florida
Florida has strict regulations regarding dive flags. Divers must display a diver-down symbol when swimming underwater, and vessels must maintain a distance of at least 100 feet from the flag in open waters and 25 feet in rivers, inlets, or navigation channels. According to Florida Statutes Section 327.331, violators can face fines and penalties.
California
California law requires divers to display a diver-down flag and prohibits vessels from approaching within 100 yards. Section 10050 of the California Harbors and Navigation Code emphasizes the protection of divers from boat traffic and ensures safe diving conditions.
Texas
Texas law mandates that divers display a diver-down flag, and other vessels must not approach within 50 feet. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department enforces these regulations to maintain diver safety and prevent accidents.
Specifics of Local Laws
| State | Requirement | Distance Restriction | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Florida | Divers must display a diver-down symbol. | 100 feet in open waters, 25 feet in rivers, inlets, or navigation channels. | Florida Statutes Section 327.331 |
| California | Divers must display a diver-down flag. | Vessels must not approach within 100 yards. | California Harbors and Navigation Code Section 10050 |
| Texas | Divers must display a diver-down flag. | Vessels must not approach within 50 feet. | Texas Parks and Wildlife Department |
Resources for State-Specific Dive Laws
Divers Alert Network (DAN) provides comprehensive guides on state-specific dive flag laws, offering detailed information to help divers and boat operators stay informed. State boating and wildlife agencies also offer publications and online resources outlining local regulations.
The Importance of Compliance
Non-compliance with local dive flag laws can result in fines, penalties, and, more importantly, increased risk of accidents. Both divers and boat operators have a responsibility to understand and adhere to these regulations to ensure safety on the water.
Best Practices for Compliance
Research Local Laws
Before diving in a new location, research the specific dive flag laws and regulations for that state or area.
Display Flags Properly
Ensure that dive flags are displayed correctly and are clearly visible from all directions. Use appropriately sized flags that meet local requirements.
Educate Participants
Educate all divers and boat operators about local dive flag laws and best practices. Conduct safety briefings to reinforce these guidelines.
Maintain Awareness
Stay vigilant and maintain awareness of surrounding boat traffic. Use communication devices, such as radios, to coordinate with other vessels in the area.
Case Studies of Non-Compliance
Case Study 1: Florida Incident
In a Florida incident, a boater was fined for approaching within 20 feet of a diver-down flag in a marked channel. The boater claimed ignorance of the law, but ignorance was not accepted as a valid defense. This case underscores the importance of understanding and adhering to local regulations.
Case Study 2: California Near-Miss
A near-miss incident in California involved a recreational boat nearly colliding with a diver because the boat operator was unaware of the 100-yard distance restriction. The incident was a stark reminder of the potential consequences of non-compliance.
The Role of Education and Awareness
Promoting education and awareness about dive flag laws is crucial for enhancing diver safety. Boating safety courses, diving certifications, and public awareness campaigns can help ensure that divers and boat operators understand and respect these regulations.
Flyermedia.net offers resources and information on local dive flag laws, helping divers and boat operators stay informed and compliant. By staying informed and following best practices, you can help create a safer environment for everyone on the water.
4. Safe Dive Boat Operations: Essential Guidelines
Pre-Dive Checklist: Ensuring a Safe Start
Before embarking on a dive, a comprehensive pre-dive checklist is essential to ensure the safety of all participants. This checklist should include:
- Weather Conditions: Assess the weather forecast and current conditions, including wind speed, sea state, and visibility. Avoid diving in adverse weather.
- Equipment Check: Inspect all diving equipment, including regulators, BCDs, tanks, and dive computers, to ensure they are in proper working order.
- Dive Plan: Develop a detailed dive plan, including the dive site, depth, time, and emergency procedures. Share the plan with all divers and boat crew.
- Safety Briefing: Conduct a safety briefing covering dive procedures, hand signals, emergency protocols, and potential hazards.
- Flag Display: Ensure the appropriate dive flags (Alpha flag and diver-down flag) are correctly displayed and visible.
- Communication: Verify that communication devices, such as radios, are functioning properly and that everyone knows how to use them.
During the Dive: Maintaining Vigilance
During the dive, it is crucial to maintain vigilance and follow established safety protocols:
- Monitor Divers: Keep a close watch on divers in the water, using visual observation and, if available, underwater communication systems.
- Maintain Position: Ensure the dive boat maintains a stable position, using anchors or maneuvering as needed to stay close to the dive site.
- Traffic Awareness: Stay aware of surrounding boat traffic and be prepared to take evasive action if necessary.
- Communication: Maintain continuous communication with divers and other vessels in the area.
- Emergency Preparedness: Be prepared to respond to emergencies, with readily available first aid equipment, oxygen, and rescue gear.
Post-Dive Procedures: Ensuring a Safe Return
After the dive, follow these procedures to ensure a safe return to shore:
- Account for All Divers: Ensure that all divers have returned to the boat and are accounted for.
- Equipment Retrieval: Assist divers with retrieving their equipment and stowing it securely.
- Debriefing: Conduct a debriefing to discuss the dive, identify any issues or concerns, and gather feedback for future dives.
- Flag Removal: Remove dive flags once all divers are back on board and the diving operation is complete.
- Navigation: Navigate back to shore safely, following established routes and adhering to all navigational rules and regulations.
Communication Protocols: Keeping Everyone Informed
Effective communication is paramount for safe dive boat operations. Establish clear communication protocols for all phases of the dive:
- Pre-Dive Briefing: Use the pre-dive briefing to explain communication signals and procedures.
- Hand Signals: Utilize standard hand signals for underwater communication between divers and the boat crew.
- Radio Communication: Use VHF radios to communicate with other vessels, harbor control, and emergency services.
- Emergency Signals: Establish clear emergency signals, such as whistle blasts or flares, to alert others in case of distress.
- Designated Communicator: Assign a designated person on the boat to be responsible for communication and monitoring radio channels.
Navigating Common Diving Hazards
Strong Currents
Strong currents can quickly carry divers away from the dive site, increasing the risk of separation and exhaustion. To mitigate this hazard, assess current conditions before the dive, use drift diving techniques, and equip divers with surface marker buoys (SMBs).
Limited Visibility
Limited visibility can make it difficult to monitor divers and navigate underwater. Use dive lights, stay close to the dive buddy, and follow a predetermined navigation plan.
Boat Traffic
Boat traffic poses a significant risk to divers, especially in busy waterways. Display dive flags prominently, maintain a vigilant lookout, and communicate with other vessels to avoid collisions.
Marine Life
While marine life encounters can be exciting, some species may pose a threat to divers. Educate divers about potentially dangerous marine life, such as sharks, jellyfish, and venomous fish, and instruct them on how to avoid encounters.
Emergency Procedures: Being Prepared for the Worst
Having well-defined emergency procedures is crucial for responding effectively to accidents and incidents:
- Diver Recall: Establish a diver recall signal to alert divers to return to the boat immediately.
- Missing Diver Protocol: Implement a missing diver protocol, including search and rescue procedures and communication with emergency services.
- Medical Emergencies: Have a medical emergency plan in place, including first aid administration, oxygen delivery, and evacuation procedures.
- Equipment Failures: Train divers on how to respond to equipment failures, such as regulator malfunctions or BCD issues.
- Weather Emergencies: Be prepared to respond to sudden changes in weather conditions, such as storms or high winds, by aborting the dive and returning to shore.
Resources for Safe Dive Boat Operations
- Divers Alert Network (DAN): DAN offers resources, training, and insurance for divers and dive operators.
- United States Coast Guard: The US Coast Guard provides boating safety courses and resources for boat operators.
- Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI): PADI offers dive training and certification programs that emphasize safety and best practices.
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): NOAA provides weather forecasts and marine information to help boaters and divers stay informed.
By following these essential guidelines, dive boat operators can create a safer environment for divers and ensure a successful and enjoyable diving experience.
5. Dive Site Approach and Departure: Best Practices
Approaching a Dive Site Safely
Assessing the Environment
Before approaching a dive site, assess the environmental conditions, including weather, sea state, currents, and visibility. Use weather forecasts and navigational tools to make informed decisions.
Checking for Other Vessels
Check for other vessels in the area, including dive boats, fishing boats, and recreational craft. Use radar, AIS, and visual observation to identify potential hazards.
Communicating Intentions
Communicate your intentions to other vessels in the area using VHF radio. Announce your approach to the dive site and request information about any ongoing diving operations.
Maintaining a Safe Distance
Maintain a safe distance from other vessels and navigational hazards. Follow COLREGS and local regulations regarding right-of-way and safe navigation.
Approaching Slowly
Approach the dive site slowly and cautiously, reducing speed to minimize wake and avoid disturbing divers in the water.
Hailing Existing Boats
If there is another boat already moored or anchored at the dive site, approach slowly and hail the boat (by radio if possible) before proceeding too closely. Find out if there are divers underwater and coordinate all maneuvers with the other captain.
Anchoring Procedures: Ensuring Stability
Selecting an Appropriate Anchor
Select an anchor that is appropriate for the size and type of your boat, as well as the bottom conditions at the dive site.
Checking Anchor Scope
Check the anchor scope to ensure that you have sufficient chain or rode to provide a secure hold. A general rule of thumb is to use a scope of at least 5:1 (five feet of rode for every foot of depth).
Setting the Anchor
Set the anchor carefully, allowing the boat to drift slowly into position. Monitor the anchor to ensure that it is holding properly and not dragging.
Monitoring Anchor Position
Monitor the anchor position regularly using GPS or other navigational tools. Be prepared to adjust the anchor if necessary to maintain a stable position.
Departing a Dive Site Safely
Assessing the Environment
Before departing the dive site, reassess the environmental conditions, including weather, sea state, currents, and visibility. Make sure it is safe to leave.
Checking for Divers
Ensure that all divers are back on board and accounted for before raising the anchor. Conduct a final check of the dive site to make sure no one is left behind.
Raising the Anchor
Raise the anchor carefully, avoiding sudden movements that could destabilize the boat. Clear any debris or obstructions from the anchor and chain.
Communicating Intentions
Communicate your intentions to other vessels in the area using VHF radio. Announce your departure from the dive site and indicate your intended course.
Departing Slowly
Depart the dive site slowly and cautiously, reducing speed to minimize wake and avoid disturbing other vessels or divers in the water.
Maintaining a Safe Distance
Maintain a safe distance from other vessels and navigational hazards. Follow COLREGS and local regulations regarding right-of-way and safe navigation.
Avoiding Screw Engagement
When leaving a dive site, if there are other dive boats still there, try not to engage your screw until you are well clear. Always start your engine before dropping off the mooring or weighing anchor just so you know you will not end up adrift if the engine does not start. Just keep the transmission in neutral until you drift clear.
Towing Divers: Special Considerations
Using a Tow Line
When towing divers, use a tow line that is strong, buoyant, and of appropriate length. Attach the tow line to a harness worn by the diver and ensure that the diver is comfortable and secure.
Maintaining a Slow Speed
Maintain a slow and steady speed when towing divers, avoiding sudden accelerations or changes in direction.
Monitoring Divers
Monitor divers closely while towing, using visual observation and, if available, underwater communication systems.
Communicating with Divers
Communicate with divers regularly to ensure that they are comfortable and safe. Use hand signals or underwater communication devices to exchange information.
Responding to Problems
Be prepared to respond quickly to any problems that may arise while towing divers, such as entanglement, exhaustion, or equipment failure.
Resources for Dive Site Approach and Departure
- Chapman Piloting & Seamanship: This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on boat handling, navigation, and seamanship.
- United States Power Squadrons: This organization offers boating safety courses and resources for boaters.
- Local Maritime Authorities: Local maritime authorities, such as harbor masters and port authorities, can provide information on local regulations and best practices.
By following these best practices for dive site approach and departure, you can help ensure the safety of divers and other boaters in the area.
6. Diving Safety: Tips and Advice
Medical Fitness for Diving
Before engaging in diving activities, it is essential to ensure you are medically fit. According to the Divers Alert Network (DAN), certain medical conditions can increase the risk of diving-related injuries. A thorough medical evaluation by a physician knowledgeable in diving medicine is recommended.
Dive Training and Certification
Proper dive training and certification are crucial for safe diving. Reputable organizations such as PADI (Professional Association of Diving Instructors) and NAUI (National Association of Underwater Instructors) offer comprehensive courses covering dive techniques, equipment usage, and emergency procedures.
Dive Planning and Preparation
Assessing Dive Conditions
Thorough dive planning and preparation are essential for safety. Assess dive conditions, including weather, visibility, currents, and depth. Plan your dive according to your experience level and the capabilities of your dive team.
Equipment Check
Ensure all diving equipment is in good working order before each dive. Check regulators, BCDs, tanks, and dive computers for proper function.
Buddy System
Always dive with a buddy and maintain close contact throughout the dive. The buddy system provides mutual support and assistance in case of emergencies.
Dive Techniques and Procedures
Buoyancy Control
Mastering buoyancy control is essential for safe and enjoyable diving. Use your BCD and breathing techniques to maintain neutral buoyancy and avoid contact with the bottom.
Depth and Time Limits
Adhere to depth and time limits to avoid decompression sickness. Monitor your dive computer and ascend slowly with safety stops as required.
Navigation Skills
Develop strong navigation skills to maintain awareness of your location and direction underwater. Use compass, natural landmarks, and dive computers for navigation.
Emergency Procedures
Out-of-Air Situations
Know how to respond to out-of-air situations. Practice emergency ascents and buddy breathing techniques.
Equipment Malfunctions
Learn how to handle equipment malfunctions underwater. Carry spare equipment and know how to use it.
Lost Buddy Procedures
Establish procedures for reuniting with a lost buddy. Search for one minute, then ascend to the surface and wait for your buddy.
Environmental Awareness
Protecting Marine Life
Practice responsible diving and avoid disturbing marine life. Do not touch, feed, or collect marine organisms.
Avoiding Pollution
Avoid polluting the marine environment. Do not litter or release any harmful substances into the water.
Staying Current with Dive Knowledge
Continuing Education
Stay current with dive knowledge by participating in continuing education courses, reading dive magazines, and attending dive seminars.
Dive Community
Engage with the dive community and share experiences and knowledge with other divers.
Resources for Dive Safety
- Divers Alert Network (DAN): DAN provides resources, training, and insurance for divers and dive operators.
- Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI): PADI offers dive training and certification programs that emphasize safety and best practices.
- National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI): NAUI is another reputable organization that offers dive training and certification programs.
By following these diving safety tips and advice, you can minimize risks and enjoy a safe and rewarding diving experience.
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8. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Dive Flags
What is the primary purpose of a dive flag?
The primary purpose of a dive flag is to alert other boaters to the presence of divers in the water, thereby preventing accidents and ensuring diver safety.
What is the difference between the Alpha flag and the diver down flag?
The Alpha flag signals that a vessel is restricted in its ability to maneuver due to diving operations and is recognized internationally. The diver down flag indicates the presence of divers in the water, with its legal significance varying by local state law.
