When Is The Earliest a Baby Can Fly on an Airplane?

When Is The Earliest A Baby Can Fly? Generally, most healthy, full-term infants can fly safely after the first few weeks, ensuring their respiratory and immune systems are sufficiently developed for air travel; Flyermedia.net provides insights into airline policies and infant travel tips. Air travel, combined with proper planning and precautions, can be a smooth experience for both parents and their little ones. Thinking about pilot training, aviation news or even career opportunities? This article will cover everything, including details about airline regulations and general aviation insights.

Table of Contents

  1. Understanding Infant Air Travel Safety
  2. Key Factors Determining When a Baby Can Fly
  3. Medical Recommendations for Infant Air Travel
  4. Airline Policies on Infant Travel
  5. Preparing for Air Travel with an Infant
  6. During the Flight: Ensuring Comfort and Safety
  7. Post-Flight Care and Considerations
  8. Addressing Common Concerns About Flying with Infants
  9. Resources for Parents Planning Air Travel with Infants
  10. Flyermedia.net: Your Aviation Information Hub
  11. FAQ About When Can a Baby Fly

1. Understanding Infant Air Travel Safety

The question, “When is the earliest a baby can fly?”, is a common concern for new parents planning their first trip. Generally, pediatricians recommend waiting until your baby is at least a few weeks old before flying. This waiting period allows the infant’s immune system and respiratory functions to develop further, reducing the risk of complications associated with air travel.

While flying is generally safe for full-term, healthy infants, there are several factors to consider. The biggest concerns revolve around changes in air pressure and the potential exposure to germs in crowded airport environments. Always consult your pediatrician before planning a flight with your baby to address any specific health concerns.

Here are the key considerations for infant air travel safety:

  • Age of the Infant: Most experts recommend waiting until the baby is at least two weeks old.
  • Health Conditions: Infants with heart or lung issues require medical clearance.
  • Immune System Development: A slightly older infant is better equipped to handle germs.
  • Cabin Pressure: Understanding how cabin pressure affects infants is essential.
  • Airline Policies: Knowing airline-specific rules helps in preparation.

Flying with an infant requires thorough preparation and awareness of potential risks, but with the right approach, it can be a safe and manageable experience. Remember to seek advice from healthcare professionals and utilize resources like Flyermedia.net for additional support.

2. Key Factors Determining When a Baby Can Fly

Several factors influence the decision of when it’s safe for a baby to fly. Age is a primary consideration, but overall health and specific medical conditions play crucial roles. Let’s explore these factors in detail:

2.1. Infant’s Age and Development

Typically, experts advise waiting until a baby is at least two weeks old before flying. This is because:

  • Lung Development: Newborns need time for their lungs to adjust and mature. Premature babies may require an even longer waiting period due to potential respiratory issues.
  • Immune System: A newborn’s immune system is still developing and is more susceptible to infections. Delaying travel for a few weeks can help bolster their defenses.

2.2. Health Conditions and Medical Clearance

Infants with pre-existing health conditions may need medical clearance before flying. This includes:

  • Heart Conditions: Babies with congenital heart defects should be evaluated by a cardiologist.
  • Respiratory Issues: Conditions like asthma or chronic lung disease need careful consideration.
  • Ear Infections: Consult a pediatrician before flying with a baby who has an active ear infection.

2.3. Premature Infants

Premature babies have a higher risk of respiratory complications and may require specialized care. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, “Preterm infants, especially those with chronic lung disease, should have a medical evaluation before flying.” The evaluation ensures they are stable enough to handle the changes in cabin pressure and oxygen levels.

2.4. Advice from Healthcare Professionals

Before making any travel plans, consult your pediatrician. They can assess your baby’s health and provide personalized recommendations based on their medical history.

These factors are crucial in determining when a baby can safely fly. Always prioritize your child’s health and seek professional medical advice before planning air travel. Resources like Flyermedia.net can offer additional information, but medical guidance is paramount.

3. Medical Recommendations for Infant Air Travel

Medical recommendations are essential when planning air travel with infants. Consulting healthcare professionals can ensure your baby is fit to fly and provide advice on managing potential health concerns during the journey.

3.1. Importance of Pediatric Consultation

Before any air travel, a consultation with your pediatrician is critical. They can assess your baby’s health status and provide specific advice based on their medical history and current condition.

3.2. Specific Health Concerns

Certain health conditions require extra precautions or may contraindicate air travel:

  • Respiratory Issues: Infants with asthma, bronchiolitis, or other respiratory conditions should be evaluated to ensure they can tolerate changes in cabin pressure.
  • Ear Infections: Flying with an ear infection can be painful for babies due to pressure changes. Pediatricians may recommend delaying travel until the infection clears or provide guidance on managing discomfort during the flight.
  • Heart Conditions: Infants with congenital heart defects should have a cardiology consult to assess their fitness for air travel.

3.3. Managing Ear Pressure

One of the most common concerns is how air pressure changes affect infants’ ears. Pediatricians recommend the following:

  • Feeding During Takeoff and Landing: Breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, or using a pacifier can help equalize pressure in the ears.
  • Nasal Decongestants: In some cases, a pediatrician may recommend a nasal decongestant to help clear nasal passages and ease ear pressure.

3.4. Recommendations for Newborns

Newborns, especially those under two weeks old, need special consideration. Experts generally advise against flying with newborns due to their immature immune systems and potential difficulties in regulating body temperature and breathing.

3.5. Expert Opinions

According to Dr. Jay L. Hoecker, M.D., “Air travel is typically safe for most healthy, full-term infants after the first few weeks. Air travel may not be a good idea for babies born before their due date, called premature or pre-term.”

Seeking medical advice ensures the safety and comfort of your baby during air travel. Always consult a pediatrician and follow their recommendations to make informed decisions. Flyermedia.net provides valuable resources, but medical guidance should always take precedence.

4. Airline Policies on Infant Travel

Understanding airline policies regarding infant travel is crucial for planning a smooth and stress-free trip. Policies can vary significantly between airlines, covering aspects like age restrictions, documentation requirements, seating arrangements, and baggage allowances.

4.1. Age Restrictions

Most airlines allow infants to fly as young as seven days old, but some may require a medical certificate for babies under two weeks. It’s essential to check with the specific airline before booking.

4.2. Documentation Requirements

Airlines typically require proof of age for infants, such as a birth certificate. Some international flights may also require a passport, even for infants. Ensure all necessary documents are prepared well in advance.

4.3. Seating Arrangements

Infants under two years old can usually travel on a parent’s lap, often referred to as “lap infants.” However, many aviation safety experts recommend purchasing a separate seat and using a certified car seat for safety.

4.4. Baggage Allowances

Most airlines offer some baggage allowance for infants, which may include a diaper bag and stroller. The exact allowance can vary, so it’s important to confirm the details with the airline.

4.5. Bassinets and Special Accommodations

Some airlines provide bassinets for infants on long-haul flights, but availability is limited and often requires advance booking. Check with the airline about reserving a bassinet and any other special accommodations.

4.6. Key Airline Policies

Here’s a general overview of policies from major U.S. airlines:

Airline Age Restriction Seating Baggage Allowance
American Airlines 2 days old with medical certificate if < 7 days Lap infant or separate seat with FAA-approved car seat Diaper bag and stroller free of charge
United Airlines 7 days old Lap infant or separate seat with FAA-approved car seat Diaper bag and stroller free of charge
Delta Airlines 7 days old Lap infant or separate seat with FAA-approved car seat Diaper bag and stroller free of charge
Southwest 14 days old with medical certificate if < 14 days Lap infant or separate seat with FAA-approved car seat (if available) Stroller and car seat free of charge; standard baggage fees apply to other items

4.7. FAA Recommendations

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) recommends that all children, including infants, be secured in an approved child restraint system (car seat) during flights. While it is not mandatory, it is considered the safest way to travel.

Understanding and adhering to airline policies can significantly impact your travel experience. Always check with the specific airline for the most accurate and up-to-date information. Flyermedia.net can provide additional insights and resources for navigating these policies.

5. Preparing for Air Travel with an Infant

Preparing for air travel with an infant requires careful planning and consideration of various factors. Proper preparation can minimize stress and ensure a smoother travel experience for both you and your baby.

5.1. Pre-Flight Checklist

A pre-flight checklist is essential to ensure you have everything you need. Key items to include are:

  • Documentation: Passport, birth certificate, and any required medical certificates.
  • Diaper Bag Essentials: Diapers, wipes, changing pad, rash cream, and extra clothes.
  • Feeding Supplies: Formula, bottles, breast milk (if applicable), and snacks for older babies.
  • Comfort Items: Pacifier, favorite blanket, toys, and books to keep your baby entertained.
  • Medications: Any necessary medications, along with a copy of the prescription.
  • Sanitizing Supplies: Hand sanitizer, wipes, and a small blanket to cover surfaces.

5.2. Packing Smart

Packing efficiently can save space and make it easier to manage your belongings. Consider these tips:

  • Carry-On Essentials: Pack all essential items in your carry-on bag to ensure they are easily accessible during the flight.
  • Compression Bags: Use compression bags to reduce the bulk of clothing and diapers.
  • Travel-Sized Products: Opt for travel-sized toiletries and baby products to save space.

5.3. Choosing the Right Flight

The timing of your flight can significantly impact your baby’s comfort. Consider these factors:

  • Flight Duration: Shorter flights are generally easier to manage.
  • Time of Day: Opt for flights that align with your baby’s sleep schedule to minimize fussiness.
  • Direct Flights: Choose direct flights to avoid the stress of layovers.

5.4. Airport Navigation Tips

Navigating the airport with an infant requires extra time and patience. Consider these tips:

  • Arrive Early: Allow plenty of time to check in, go through security, and get settled at the gate.
  • Use Family Lanes: Some airports have dedicated family lanes for security, which can expedite the process.
  • Stroller or Baby Carrier: Use a stroller or baby carrier to keep your hands free and make it easier to move around the airport.
  • Nursing Rooms and Changing Stations: Familiarize yourself with the locations of nursing rooms and changing stations in the airport.

5.5. Preparing for Security

Security checks can be challenging with an infant. Keep these points in mind:

  • Inform TSA: Let the TSA agent know you are traveling with an infant.
  • Formula and Breast Milk: Formula and breast milk are exempt from the liquid restrictions but may be subject to additional screening.
  • Remove Baby from Carrier: You may need to remove your baby from the carrier during security checks.

Proper preparation is key to a successful flight with your infant. Create a detailed checklist, pack efficiently, and plan your airport navigation in advance. Flyermedia.net offers additional tips and resources to help you prepare for your trip.

6. During the Flight: Ensuring Comfort and Safety

Once you’re on the plane, ensuring your baby’s comfort and safety is paramount. This involves managing ear pressure, keeping your baby entertained, and addressing any discomfort that may arise.

6.1. Managing Ear Pressure

Changes in cabin pressure during takeoff and landing can cause discomfort for infants. Here are some strategies to help:

  • Feeding: Offer breast milk or formula during takeoff and landing to encourage swallowing, which helps equalize ear pressure.
  • Pacifier: If your baby uses a pacifier, offer it during these times.
  • Upright Position: Keeping your baby in an upright position can also help.

6.2. Keeping Baby Comfortable

Maintaining a comfortable environment is crucial for a calm flight. Consider these tips:

  • Dress Comfortably: Dress your baby in loose, comfortable clothing.
  • Maintain Temperature: Keep a light blanket handy to adjust to temperature changes in the cabin.
  • Diaper Changes: Change diapers frequently to prevent discomfort and irritation.

6.3. Entertainment and Distraction

Keeping your baby entertained can prevent fussiness and boredom. Here are some ideas:

  • Toys and Books: Bring a variety of toys and books to keep your baby engaged.
  • Interactive Games: Play simple interactive games like peek-a-boo or sing songs.
  • Screen Time: If appropriate, use a tablet or phone with pre-downloaded shows or games (remember to use headphones to avoid disturbing other passengers).

6.4. Safe Seating Practices

While infants are often allowed to sit on a parent’s lap, the safest option is to use an FAA-approved car seat. Here are some considerations:

  • FAA-Approved Car Seat: Ensure your car seat is certified for air travel.
  • Separate Seat: Purchase a separate seat for your baby to use the car seat.
  • Proper Installation: Follow the car seat’s instructions for proper installation on the plane.

6.5. Addressing Crying and Fussiness

It’s normal for babies to cry or become fussy during a flight. Here are some tips for managing these situations:

  • Stay Calm: Your baby can sense your stress, so try to remain calm.
  • Offer Comfort: Cuddle, rock, or sing to your baby to provide comfort.
  • Walk Around: If possible, walk around the cabin to distract your baby.
  • Communicate: Let your fellow passengers know you are doing your best to manage the situation.

6.6. Hydration and Feeding

Staying hydrated is important for both you and your baby. Offer frequent feedings and ensure you have enough supplies.

  • Breastfeeding or Formula: Feed your baby on demand.
  • Water for Older Babies: Offer small amounts of water to older babies who are able to drink from a cup.

By following these tips, you can help ensure a more comfortable and safer flight for your baby. Resources like Flyermedia.net offer additional advice and support for managing air travel with infants.

7. Post-Flight Care and Considerations

After the flight, it’s important to focus on your baby’s adjustment and recovery. This includes monitoring their health, addressing any lingering discomfort, and helping them adapt to the new environment.

7.1. Monitoring Health

Keep a close eye on your baby’s health in the days following the flight. Watch for any signs of illness or discomfort.

  • Check for Fever: Monitor your baby’s temperature regularly.
  • Observe Behavior: Look for any changes in behavior, such as increased fussiness or lethargy.
  • Respiratory Symptoms: Watch for signs of respiratory issues, such as coughing or difficulty breathing.

7.2. Addressing Lingering Discomfort

Some babies may experience lingering ear discomfort or other minor issues after the flight.

  • Ear Pressure: If your baby seems uncomfortable, continue to offer comfort measures like breastfeeding or a pacifier.
  • Nasal Congestion: Use saline drops to help clear nasal passages if your baby has congestion.

7.3. Adjusting to the New Environment

Traveling to a new location can disrupt your baby’s routine. Help them adjust by:

  • Maintaining Routine: Stick to your baby’s regular feeding and sleep schedule as much as possible.
  • Creating Familiar Surroundings: Bring familiar items like blankets and toys to help your baby feel more comfortable.
  • Avoiding Overstimulation: Give your baby plenty of quiet time to rest and adjust.

7.4. Hydration and Nutrition

Ensure your baby stays well-hydrated and receives proper nutrition after the flight.

  • Continue Breastfeeding or Formula Feeding: Follow your baby’s usual feeding schedule.
  • Offer Nutritious Foods: If your baby is eating solids, provide a variety of nutritious foods.

7.5. Consulting Healthcare Professionals

If you have any concerns about your baby’s health after the flight, don’t hesitate to contact your pediatrician.

  • Schedule a Check-Up: If you have specific concerns, schedule a check-up to ensure your baby is healthy.
  • Follow Medical Advice: Follow any medical advice provided by your pediatrician.

7.6. Rest and Recovery for Parents

Remember to take care of yourself as well. Traveling with an infant can be exhausting, so prioritize rest and recovery.

  • Get Enough Sleep: Aim for at least 7-8 hours of sleep per night.
  • Eat Nutritious Meals: Focus on eating healthy foods to replenish your energy.
  • Seek Support: Don’t hesitate to ask for help from family or friends.

By following these post-flight care tips, you can help ensure a smooth transition for both you and your baby. Flyermedia.net provides additional resources and support for parents traveling with infants.

8. Addressing Common Concerns About Flying with Infants

Flying with infants can raise many concerns for parents. Addressing these concerns with accurate information and practical tips can help alleviate anxiety and ensure a smoother travel experience.

8.1. Cabin Pressure and Ear Pain

Concern: Changes in cabin pressure can cause ear pain and discomfort in infants.

Solution:

  • Feeding During Takeoff and Landing: Breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, or using a pacifier can help equalize pressure.
  • Nasal Decongestants: Consult your pediatrician about using nasal decongestants before the flight.
  • Stay Hydrated: Encourage swallowing by offering fluids during the flight.

8.2. Exposure to Germs

Concern: Airplanes and airports can be breeding grounds for germs, increasing the risk of illness for infants.

Solution:

  • Hand Hygiene: Wash your hands frequently and use hand sanitizer.
  • Wipe Down Surfaces: Use sanitizing wipes to clean surfaces around your seat.
  • Limit Contact: Minimize contact with potentially contaminated surfaces.
  • Boost Immune System: Ensure your baby is well-rested and adequately nourished before the flight.

8.3. Crying and Fussiness

Concern: Babies may cry or become fussy during the flight, causing stress for parents and other passengers.

Solution:

  • Bring Comfort Items: Pack familiar toys, blankets, and pacifiers.
  • Stay Calm: Your baby can sense your stress, so try to remain calm.
  • Distraction: Use toys, books, and interactive games to distract your baby.
  • Walk Around: If possible, walk around the cabin to soothe your baby.

8.4. Disruption to Routine

Concern: Travel can disrupt your baby’s routine, leading to sleep disturbances and feeding issues.

Solution:

  • Maintain Routine: Stick to your baby’s regular feeding and sleep schedule as much as possible.
  • Create Familiar Surroundings: Bring familiar items to help your baby feel more comfortable.
  • Adjust Gradually: Allow time for your baby to adjust to the new environment and routine.

8.5. Safety Concerns

Concern: Parents worry about the safety of their infant during the flight.

Solution:

  • FAA-Approved Car Seat: Use an FAA-approved car seat for added safety.
  • Follow Airline Guidelines: Adhere to all airline safety guidelines.
  • Stay Alert: Be vigilant and monitor your baby throughout the flight.

8.6. Managing Diaper Changes

Concern: Finding convenient and sanitary places to change diapers during the flight.

Solution:

  • Pack Essentials: Carry plenty of diapers, wipes, and changing pads in your diaper bag.
  • Use Airplane Changing Tables: Utilize the changing tables in the airplane lavatories.
  • Sanitize Before and After: Wipe down the changing surface with sanitizing wipes before and after use.

8.7. Expert Advice

According to the Mayo Clinic, “Air travel is typically safe for most healthy, full-term infants after the first few weeks.” However, it’s essential to consider individual health factors and consult with your pediatrician.

Addressing these common concerns with practical solutions can help parents feel more confident and prepared for flying with infants. Flyermedia.net offers additional resources and support to assist in your travel planning.

9. Resources for Parents Planning Air Travel with Infants

Planning air travel with infants can be overwhelming, but numerous resources are available to help parents prepare and manage their trips effectively.

9.1. Pediatricians and Healthcare Providers

Role: Provide medical advice and clearance for air travel.

  • Pre-Flight Consultation: Schedule a consultation with your pediatrician to assess your baby’s health and receive personalized recommendations.
  • Medical Records: Obtain necessary medical records and prescriptions.
  • Vaccination Information: Ensure your baby is up-to-date on vaccinations.

9.2. Airline Websites and Customer Service

Role: Offer information on airline policies and accommodations for infants.

  • Check Policies: Review the airline’s policies on age restrictions, documentation requirements, and baggage allowances for infants.
  • Reserve Bassinets: Inquire about reserving bassinets for long-haul flights.
  • Special Assistance: Request any special assistance you may need, such as priority boarding or wheelchair assistance.

9.3. Government Agencies

Role: Provide safety guidelines and regulations for air travel.

  • Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): Offers recommendations on child safety on airplanes.
  • Transportation Security Administration (TSA): Provides information on security procedures for traveling with infants.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Offers health guidelines for traveling with children.

9.4. Online Parenting Forums and Communities

Role: Offer peer support and practical tips from other parents.

  • Parenting Forums: Join online forums and communities to connect with other parents who have experience flying with infants.
  • Travel Blogs: Read travel blogs and articles written by parents offering advice and recommendations.
  • Social Media Groups: Participate in social media groups dedicated to family travel.

9.5. Travel Gear and Equipment Retailers

Role: Provide specialized products and equipment to make air travel easier.

  • Travel Car Seats: Purchase FAA-approved car seats for air travel.
  • Travel Strollers: Invest in lightweight and compact travel strollers.
  • Diaper Bags: Choose functional and well-organized diaper bags.
  • Baby Carriers: Use baby carriers to keep your hands free while navigating the airport.

9.6. Aviation Information Hubs

Role: Provide comprehensive information on the aviation industry.

  • Flyermedia.net: A comprehensive resource for aviation news, training programs, and career opportunities.
  • Aviation News Websites: Stay updated on the latest aviation news and regulations.
  • Flight Tracking Apps: Use flight tracking apps to monitor your flight status and delays.

By utilizing these resources, parents can gather the information and support needed to plan and manage air travel with infants effectively. Flyermedia.net is a valuable tool for staying informed about aviation-related topics and resources.

10. Flyermedia.net: Your Aviation Information Hub

Flyermedia.net is a comprehensive online platform dedicated to providing up-to-date information and resources for aviation enthusiasts, professionals, and anyone interested in the world of flight. Whether you’re a student pilot, seasoned aviator, or simply curious about aviation, Flyermedia.net offers a wealth of content to meet your needs.

10.1. Pilot Training Programs

Flyermedia.net provides detailed information on pilot training programs and flight schools across the United States.

  • Flight School Directory: Browse a directory of accredited flight schools and training centers.
  • Training Requirements: Learn about the requirements for obtaining different pilot licenses and ratings.
  • Scholarship Opportunities: Discover scholarship opportunities to help finance your pilot training.

10.2. Aviation News and Updates

Stay informed about the latest developments in the aviation industry.

  • Industry News: Read articles on industry trends, regulatory changes, and technological advancements.
  • Safety Alerts: Stay informed about safety alerts and advisories issued by aviation authorities.
  • Event Calendar: Find out about upcoming aviation events, airshows, and conferences.

10.3. Career Opportunities in Aviation

Explore the wide range of career opportunities available in the aviation industry.

  • Job Listings: Browse job listings for pilots, mechanics, air traffic controllers, and other aviation professionals.
  • Career Guides: Learn about the skills and qualifications needed for different aviation careers.
  • Employer Profiles: Research potential employers in the aviation industry.

10.4. Aviation Regulations and Guidelines

Access important aviation regulations and guidelines.

  • FAA Regulations: Find information on Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) and Advisory Circulars (ACs).
  • International Regulations: Learn about international aviation regulations and standards.
  • Safety Standards: Stay informed about safety standards and best practices in aviation.

10.5. Community and Networking

Connect with other aviation enthusiasts and professionals.

  • Forums and Discussion Boards: Participate in online discussions and forums.
  • Social Media Groups: Join social media groups dedicated to aviation.
  • Networking Events: Attend networking events and conferences to connect with industry peers.

10.6. Additional Resources

Flyermedia.net offers a variety of additional resources.

  • Aviation Glossary: Learn the terminology and acronyms used in the aviation industry.
  • Checklists and Guides: Access checklists and guides for flight planning and safety.
  • Educational Materials: Find educational materials for pilots and aviation enthusiasts.

Flyermedia.net is your go-to source for all things aviation. Visit flyermedia.net to explore the world of flight and discover valuable resources for your aviation journey.

11. FAQ About When Can a Baby Fly

Q1: When is the earliest a baby can fly after birth?

Most experts recommend waiting until a baby is at least two weeks old before flying to allow their immune system and respiratory functions to develop further.

Q2: Are there any specific health conditions that would prevent a baby from flying?

Infants with heart or lung problems may need medical clearance before flying. Consult a pediatrician for advice.

Q3: What do airlines require for infant travel?

Airlines typically require proof of age, such as a birth certificate. Some international flights may also require a passport.

Q4: Is it safe for a baby to fly with an ear infection?

Flying with an ear infection can be painful. Consult a pediatrician before flying if your baby has an ear infection.

Q5: What can I do to help my baby with ear pressure during a flight?

Breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, or using a pacifier during takeoff and landing can help equalize ear pressure.

Q6: Should I buy a separate seat for my infant?

The FAA recommends that infants ride in properly secured safety seats, but it’s not mandatory.

Q7: What should I pack in my carry-on bag for my baby?

Pack diapers, wipes, feeding supplies, comfort items, medications, and sanitizing supplies.

Q8: How can I keep my baby entertained during the flight?

Bring toys, books, and interactive games. If appropriate, use a tablet with pre-downloaded shows or games.

Q9: How can I minimize my baby’s exposure to germs on the plane?

Wash your hands frequently, use hand sanitizer, and wipe down surfaces around your seat.

Q10: Where can I find reliable information and resources for planning air travel with infants?

Consult your pediatrician, check airline websites, and utilize resources like Flyermedia.net for aviation-related information.

These FAQs provide quick answers to common questions about flying with infants. For more detailed information and resources, visit flyermedia.net.

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