Baby lantern flies, also known as nymphs, have a distinctive appearance that changes as they mature, making them easy to identify at every stage. Flyermedia.net offers vital insights into identifying and managing these invasive pests, ensuring you can protect your property and local ecosystems. Understanding their life cycle is crucial for effective control and prevention, safeguarding our agricultural crops and ornamental plants.
1. What are Spotted Lanternflies and Why Should I Care?
Spotted lanternflies (SLF) are invasive planthoppers native to Southeast Asia that pose a significant threat to ornamental plants and agricultural crops in the United States. Since their initial detection in Pennsylvania in 2014, these pests have rapidly expanded their range, now found in at least 18 states. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, spotted lanternflies can cause significant damage to crops like grapes, apples, and hops, as well as trees such as maple and walnut, impacting agricultural and forestry industries. By understanding their life stages and implementing control measures, we can collectively protect our properties and ecosystems from the devastating impact of these pests.
2. What Do Spotted Lanternfly Egg Masses Look Like?
Spotted lanternfly eggs are laid in masses that resemble putty or cracked mud. These egg masses, approximately one inch in length, are typically found on hard surfaces such as tree trunks, patio furniture, and even vehicles. Fresh egg masses appear waxy, but they dry out and become cracked, resembling dried mud. Each mass contains up to 60 eggs arranged in vertical columns. According to Cornell University’s Integrated Pest Management program, identifying and destroying these egg masses is crucial for preventing the spread of spotted lanternflies. Scraping them off surfaces and disposing of them properly can significantly reduce the number of nymphs that hatch in the spring.
Spotted lanternfly eggs are laid in masses that look like lichens or dried mud, typically containing up to 60 eggs in vertical columns.
3. What Do Young, Black-Stage Spotted Lanternfly Nymphs Look Like?
Young spotted lanternfly nymphs, also known as black-stage nymphs, are small and have a distinct polka-dot appearance. These nymphs are the first three instars (stages between molts) and grow up to 1/4 inch long. Their bodies and legs are black with bright white spots, making them easily identifiable. These nymphs are active from spring hatching through midsummer. According to research from Penn State Extension, these early-stage nymphs primarily feed on annuals, perennials, and new plant growth, as they cannot yet penetrate woody bark. Recognizing these nymphs early can help in implementing timely control measures.
Young, black-stage spotted lanternfly nymphs are characterized by their polka-dot appearance, with bright white spots on their wingless black bodies and legs.
4. How Do Red-Stage Spotted Lanternfly Nymphs Differ From Earlier Stages?
Red-stage nymphs are the final and most damaging instar of the spotted lanternfly before they become adults. These nymphs are active from midsummer through autumn and can grow up to 3/4 inch long. The key difference is the development of bright red color on their white-spotted black bodies. According to the University of Massachusetts Amherst, red-stage nymphs can pierce woody bark and cause significant damage to trees and grapevines. Their ability to feed on a wider range of plants and their larger size make them particularly destructive.
Red-stage nymphs are distinguished by their bright red color developing on their white-spotted black bodies and legs, marking their final and most damaging instar.
5. What Do Adult Spotted Lanternflies Look Like?
Adult spotted lanternflies have a moth-like appearance with distinctive wings. When at rest, their wings are folded like tents, revealing pinkish forewings spotted with black and a brick-like pattern toward the tips. When the wings are extended, they display bright red patches with black spots on the hindwings. Adults are approximately 1 inch long and 1/2 inch wide with folded wings, and their wingspan reaches 2 inches when extended. Adults start appearing in midsummer and continue feeding until a killing frost in the fall. The Pennsylvania State University Extension notes that adults are highly mobile and can fly to new areas, making them a significant threat to previously uninfested regions.
Adult spotted lanternflies, usually seen with their wings folded like tents, reveal patches of red when disturbed, with wings spanning 2 inches when extended.
6. What Kind of Damage Can Spotted Lanternflies Cause?
Spotted lanternflies cause damage by piercing plant tissue and sucking vital juices from their host plants. Black-stage nymphs primarily target annuals and new plant growth, while red-stage nymphs and adults can penetrate woody bark, attacking trees and grapevines. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, this feeding behavior weakens plants, reduces fruit production, and can even lead to plant death. Additionally, spotted lanternflies excrete honeydew, a sticky substance that attracts other pests like wasps and ants, and promotes the growth of sooty mold. This can damage property and create an unpleasant environment.
7. What is the Spotted Lanternfly’s Preferred Host Plant?
The Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is the spotted lanternfly’s preferred host plant. This invasive Asian tree is found throughout the United States and supports the pest’s spread. According to Penn State Extension, spotted lanternflies are highly attracted to the Tree of Heaven, often congregating in large numbers on its trunk and branches. Removing this tree from your property can help reduce the risk of spotted lanternfly infestations.
The invasive Tree of Heaven acts as a magnet for spotted lanternflies, attracting masses of them and supporting their spread.
8. How Can I Kill and Prevent Spotted Lanternflies?
Killing and preventing spotted lanternflies involves several strategies. Inspecting your property for egg masses in the fall and winter and destroying them is crucial. For nymphs and adults, insecticides like Amdro Quick Kill Insect Killer for Lawn & Landscape can be effective. According to product labels, these insecticides kill spotted lanternflies on contact and provide residual protection for up to three months. Targeting tree trunks and areas where the pests gather is essential for maximum results. Also, removing Tree of Heaven from your property can reduce infestations. Always report sightings to your local county extension office or state Department of Agriculture to help track and control the spread of these pests.
9. What States are Currently Affected by Spotted Lanternflies?
As of 2024, spotted lanternflies have been detected in at least 18 states, including Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Connecticut, Ohio, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Indiana, Michigan, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, and Illinois. The Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture provides up-to-date information on the current distribution of spotted lanternflies and any quarantine zones in effect. Staying informed about the affected areas can help you take necessary precautions and report any sightings in new regions.
10. How Can I Report a Spotted Lanternfly Sighting?
Reporting a spotted lanternfly sighting is crucial for helping authorities track and control their spread. Contact your local county extension office or your state Department of Agriculture. They will provide guidance on how to properly report the sighting, often requesting photos or specimens for confirmation. Providing accurate information about the location and number of spotted lanternflies observed can help officials implement targeted control measures and prevent further spread.
11. Understanding the Spotted Lanternfly Life Cycle: A Detailed Breakdown
The spotted lanternfly undergoes several distinct life stages, each with its own characteristics and vulnerabilities. Understanding this life cycle is critical for effective management and control.
11.1. Egg Stage:
- Timing: Egg-laying occurs in the fall, and eggs overwinter until spring.
- Appearance: Egg masses are approximately one inch long, resembling putty or cracked mud. They contain up to 60 eggs in vertical columns and are found on hard surfaces like tree trunks, rocks, and outdoor furniture.
- Control: The most effective control method is to scrape off and destroy egg masses before they hatch in the spring. According to Cornell University’s Integrated Pest Management program, this can significantly reduce the population of nymphs.
11.2. Nymph Stage:
The nymph stage consists of four instars, or developmental stages, each marked by a molt.
11.2.1. First Instar:
- Timing: Spring hatching.
- Appearance: Black with bright white spots, wingless, and approximately 1/4 inch long.
- Behavior: Feeds on tender plant growth, unable to penetrate woody bark.
- Control: Insecticidal sprays can be effective at this stage, targeting the nymphs as they feed.
11.2.2. Second and Third Instars:
- Timing: Late spring to early summer.
- Appearance: Similar to the first instar, but slightly larger.
- Behavior: Continues to feed on tender plant growth.
- Control: Similar to the first instar, insecticidal sprays can be used.
11.2.3. Fourth Instar:
- Timing: Midsummer to autumn.
- Appearance: Red with bright white spots, wingless, and up to 3/4 inch long.
- Behavior: Can penetrate woody bark and feeds on trees and grapevines, causing significant damage.
- Control: Insecticidal sprays and systemic insecticides can be used at this stage. Tree trapping can also be effective.
11.3. Adult Stage:
- Timing: Midsummer to fall until a killing frost.
- Appearance: Approximately 1 inch long and 1/2 inch wide with folded wings. Wings are pinkish with black spots, and hindwings have bright red patches.
- Behavior: Feeds on trees and grapevines, causing significant damage. Lays eggs in the fall.
- Control: Insecticidal sprays, systemic insecticides, and tree trapping can be used at this stage.
12. Effective Strategies for Managing Spotted Lanternflies: A Comprehensive Guide
Managing spotted lanternflies requires a multi-faceted approach that includes prevention, monitoring, and control. Here are some effective strategies to protect your property and help stop the spread of these invasive pests.
12.1. Prevention:
- Remove Tree of Heaven: Since the Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is the preferred host plant of spotted lanternflies, removing it from your property can significantly reduce the risk of infestation. According to Penn State Extension, this can be done by cutting down the tree and treating the stump with herbicide to prevent regrowth.
- Inspect and Destroy Egg Masses: In the fall and winter, inspect your property for spotted lanternfly egg masses on trees, rocks, outdoor furniture, and other hard surfaces. Scrape off the egg masses using a putty knife or similar tool and destroy them by placing them in a bag with alcohol or hand sanitizer.
- Quarantine Awareness: Be aware of quarantine zones and regulations in your area. Avoid moving items that could harbor spotted lanternflies or their eggs, such as firewood, outdoor furniture, and landscaping materials.
12.2. Monitoring:
- Regular Inspections: Regularly inspect your trees, plants, and property for signs of spotted lanternflies, including nymphs and adults. Look for honeydew, sooty mold, and weeping sap on tree trunks.
- Trap Trees: Use sticky bands or circle traps on tree trunks to capture nymphs and adults. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, these traps can be effective in reducing the local population of spotted lanternflies.
- Report Sightings: If you see spotted lanternflies in a new area, take a picture and report the sighting to your local county extension office or state Department of Agriculture.
12.3. Control:
- Insecticidal Sprays: Use insecticidal sprays to target nymphs and adults. According to product labels, Amdro Quick Kill Insect Killer for Lawn & Landscape can kill spotted lanternflies on contact and provide residual protection for up to three months.
- Systemic Insecticides: Apply systemic insecticides to trees to kill spotted lanternflies as they feed. These insecticides are absorbed by the tree and can provide long-term protection.
- Biological Control: Research is ongoing to identify natural predators and pathogens that can control spotted lanternflies. While biological control methods are not yet widely available, they may become an important tool in the future.
12.4. Best Practices for Insecticide Use:
- Read and Follow Label Instructions: Always read and follow the instructions on the insecticide label carefully. Use the correct dosage and application method to avoid harming non-target organisms and the environment.
- Targeted Application: Apply insecticides directly to spotted lanternflies or areas where they are feeding. Avoid broad-spectrum applications that can harm beneficial insects.
- Timing: Apply insecticides when spotted lanternflies are most active, typically in the early morning or late evening.
- Personal Protective Equipment: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and a respirator, when applying insecticides.
13. How Spotted Lanternflies Impact Various Industries: A Detailed Analysis
Spotted lanternflies pose a significant threat to various industries, including agriculture, forestry, and tourism. Understanding these impacts is crucial for developing effective management strategies and mitigating economic losses.
13.1. Agriculture:
- Crop Damage: Spotted lanternflies feed on a wide range of agricultural crops, including grapes, apples, peaches, hops, and blueberries. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, this feeding behavior can weaken plants, reduce fruit production, and even lead to plant death.
- Economic Losses: Crop damage can result in significant economic losses for farmers and agricultural businesses. In Pennsylvania, spotted lanternflies have caused millions of dollars in damage to the grape and fruit industries.
- Increased Costs: Farmers may need to invest in additional pest control measures, such as insecticides and tree traps, to protect their crops from spotted lanternflies.
13.2. Forestry:
- Tree Damage: Spotted lanternflies can damage trees in forests and urban landscapes, including maple, walnut, birch, and pine. This can weaken trees and make them more susceptible to other pests and diseases.
- Timber Losses: Tree damage can result in timber losses for the forestry industry.
- Aesthetic Impacts: Spotted lanternflies can also have aesthetic impacts on forests and urban landscapes, reducing their recreational value.
13.3. Tourism:
- Reduced Tourism: Spotted lanternfly infestations can reduce tourism in affected areas. Tourists may be less likely to visit areas with high levels of spotted lanternflies due to the nuisance they cause and the damage they inflict on plants and trees.
- Economic Impacts: Reduced tourism can result in economic losses for businesses that rely on tourism revenue, such as hotels, restaurants, and attractions.
13.4. Property Values:
- Decreased Values: Properties with trees damaged by spotted lanternflies may experience decreased values.
- Increased Maintenance: Homeowners may need to spend more time and money maintaining their properties due to spotted lanternfly infestations.
14. The Role of Research and Technology in Spotted Lanternfly Control: Innovations and Future Directions
Research and technology play a critical role in developing new and effective methods for controlling spotted lanternflies. Here are some key areas of innovation and future directions in spotted lanternfly research and control.
14.1. Biological Control:
- Natural Predators: Researchers are studying natural predators of spotted lanternflies, such as parasitic wasps and fungal pathogens, to determine their potential for biological control. According to Penn State Extension, some native insects and birds have been observed feeding on spotted lanternflies, but their impact on the population is limited.
- Pathogens: Researchers are also investigating the use of pathogens, such as fungi and viruses, to control spotted lanternflies. These pathogens can be applied as bio-insecticides to kill spotted lanternflies without harming other organisms.
14.2. Trapping Technology:
- Improved Traps: Researchers are developing improved traps for spotted lanternflies, such as traps that use pheromones or other attractants to lure the pests. These traps can be more effective than traditional sticky bands and circle traps.
- Smart Traps: Smart traps use sensors and wireless communication to monitor trap captures and provide real-time data to pest managers. This allows for more targeted and efficient control efforts.
14.3. Insecticides:
- New Insecticides: Researchers are developing new insecticides that are more effective against spotted lanternflies and have fewer impacts on non-target organisms.
- RNAi Technology: RNA interference (RNAi) technology is being used to develop insecticides that target specific genes in spotted lanternflies, disrupting their growth and development.
14.4. Remote Sensing and GIS:
- Remote Sensing: Remote sensing technologies, such as drones and satellites, can be used to detect and map spotted lanternfly infestations over large areas.
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS): GIS can be used to analyze and visualize spotted lanternfly data, helping pest managers to identify high-risk areas and develop targeted control strategies.
14.5. Citizen Science:
- Citizen Scientists: Citizen scientists can play a valuable role in monitoring and reporting spotted lanternfly sightings. By providing data on spotted lanternfly distribution and abundance, citizen scientists can help researchers and pest managers track the spread of these pests and evaluate the effectiveness of control measures.
15. How to Distinguish Spotted Lanternflies from Other Insects: A Visual Guide
Distinguishing spotted lanternflies from other insects is crucial for accurate identification and effective control. Here’s a visual guide to help you identify spotted lanternflies at different life stages:
15.1. Egg Masses:
- Spotted Lanternfly: Egg masses are approximately one inch long, resembling putty or cracked mud. They contain up to 60 eggs in vertical columns and are found on hard surfaces like tree trunks, rocks, and outdoor furniture.
- Other Insects: Other insect egg masses may have different shapes, sizes, and textures. For example, gypsy moth egg masses are covered in hairs and resemble felt.
15.2. Nymphs:
15.2.1. Early Instars (Black Stage):
- Spotted Lanternfly: Black with bright white spots, wingless, and approximately 1/4 inch long.
- Other Insects: Other black insects with white spots may have different body shapes or patterns. For example, ladybug larvae are black with orange or yellow spots and have a more elongated body shape.
15.2.2. Late Instar (Red Stage):
- Spotted Lanternfly: Red with bright white spots, wingless, and up to 3/4 inch long.
- Other Insects: Other red insects with white spots may have different body shapes or patterns. For example, milkweed bugs are red and black with a more elongated body shape.
15.3. Adults:
- Spotted Lanternfly: Approximately 1 inch long and 1/2 inch wide with folded wings. Wings are pinkish with black spots, and hindwings have bright red patches.
- Other Insects: Other insects with similar wing patterns may have different body shapes or sizes. For example, some moths have similar wing patterns but are typically larger and have feathery antennae.
16. Common Mistakes in Identifying Spotted Lanternflies and How to Avoid Them
Identifying spotted lanternflies can be challenging, especially for those unfamiliar with the pest. Here are some common mistakes in identifying spotted lanternflies and how to avoid them:
16.1. Mistaking Egg Masses for Lichens or Mud:
- Mistake: Spotted lanternfly egg masses can resemble lichens or dried mud, leading to misidentification.
- Solution: Look for the characteristic vertical columns of eggs within the mass. Egg masses are typically found on hard surfaces like tree trunks, rocks, and outdoor furniture.
16.2. Confusing Early Instar Nymphs with Other Spotted Insects:
- Mistake: Early instar nymphs are black with white spots, which can be confused with other spotted insects like ladybug larvae.
- Solution: Look for the distinct body shape of spotted lanternfly nymphs, which is more elongated than ladybug larvae. Also, consider the feeding behavior and host plants.
16.3. Confusing Late Instar Nymphs with Other Red Insects:
- Mistake: Late instar nymphs are red with white spots, which can be confused with other red insects like milkweed bugs.
- Solution: Look for the distinct body shape of spotted lanternfly nymphs, which is more elongated than milkweed bugs. Also, consider the feeding behavior and host plants.
16.4. Mistaking Adult Spotted Lanternflies for Moths:
- Mistake: Adult spotted lanternflies have a moth-like appearance, which can lead to misidentification.
- Solution: Look for the distinct wing patterns of spotted lanternflies, which include pinkish forewings with black spots and bright red hindwings with black patches. Also, consider the feeding behavior and host plants.
16.5. Not Considering the Location and Host Plants:
- Mistake: Failing to consider the location and host plants can lead to misidentification.
- Solution: Spotted lanternflies are often found on Tree of Heaven and other host plants like grapevines and fruit trees. Consider the location and host plants when identifying spotted lanternflies.
17. Community Initiatives and Government Programs for Spotted Lanternfly Control: How to Get Involved
Community initiatives and government programs play a crucial role in controlling spotted lanternflies. Here’s how you can get involved:
17.1. Volunteer Programs:
- Citizen Science: Participate in citizen science programs to monitor and report spotted lanternfly sightings. Contact your local county extension office or state Department of Agriculture for information on volunteer opportunities.
- Community Cleanups: Organize or participate in community cleanups to remove Tree of Heaven and destroy spotted lanternfly egg masses.
17.2. Government Programs:
- Quarantine Zones: Be aware of quarantine zones and regulations in your area. Avoid moving items that could harbor spotted lanternflies or their eggs, such as firewood, outdoor furniture, and landscaping materials.
- State and Federal Funding: Support state and federal funding for spotted lanternfly research and control. Contact your elected officials to advocate for funding for these programs.
17.3. Educational Programs:
- Workshops and Seminars: Attend workshops and seminars to learn more about spotted lanternfly identification, control, and prevention.
- Outreach Events: Participate in outreach events to educate others about spotted lanternflies and how to protect their properties.
17.4. Reporting Sightings:
- Report Sightings: Report spotted lanternfly sightings to your local county extension office or state Department of Agriculture. Provide accurate information about the location and number of spotted lanternflies observed.
18. The Economic Costs of Spotted Lanternfly Infestations: A State-by-State Analysis
Spotted lanternfly infestations can have significant economic costs for states, including damage to agriculture, forestry, and tourism. Here’s a state-by-state analysis of the economic costs of spotted lanternfly infestations:
18.1. Pennsylvania:
- Economic Impact: Spotted lanternflies have caused millions of dollars in damage to the grape and fruit industries in Pennsylvania.
- Control Costs: The state has invested millions of dollars in spotted lanternfly research and control efforts.
18.2. New Jersey:
- Economic Impact: Spotted lanternflies pose a significant threat to the state’s agricultural and tourism industries.
- Control Costs: The state has implemented quarantine zones and control measures to prevent the spread of spotted lanternflies.
18.3. Delaware:
- Economic Impact: Spotted lanternflies have been detected in the state and pose a threat to agriculture and forestry.
- Control Costs: The state has implemented quarantine zones and control measures to prevent the spread of spotted lanternflies.
18.4. Maryland:
- Economic Impact: Spotted lanternflies have been detected in the state and pose a threat to agriculture and forestry.
- Control Costs: The state has implemented quarantine zones and control measures to prevent the spread of spotted lanternflies.
18.5. Virginia:
- Economic Impact: Spotted lanternflies have been detected in the state and pose a threat to agriculture and forestry.
- Control Costs: The state has implemented quarantine zones and control measures to prevent the spread of spotted lanternflies.
18.6. Other States:
- Economic Impact: Spotted lanternflies have been detected in other states, including New York, Connecticut, Ohio, and Indiana. These states are also at risk for economic losses due to spotted lanternfly infestations.
- Control Costs: These states have implemented quarantine zones and control measures to prevent the spread of spotted lanternflies.
19. Long-Term Strategies for Spotted Lanternfly Management: Sustainable Solutions
Long-term strategies for spotted lanternfly management require sustainable solutions that minimize environmental impacts and provide lasting control. Here are some long-term strategies for spotted lanternfly management:
19.1. Biological Control:
- Natural Predators: Encourage the use of natural predators, such as parasitic wasps and fungal pathogens, to control spotted lanternflies.
- Habitat Management: Manage habitats to support natural predators and other beneficial insects.
19.2. Integrated Pest Management (IPM):
- IPM Practices: Implement IPM practices to minimize the use of insecticides and other harmful chemicals.
- Monitoring: Regularly monitor spotted lanternfly populations to detect infestations early.
- Thresholds: Use economic thresholds to determine when control measures are necessary.
19.3. Sustainable Insecticides:
- Reduced-Risk Insecticides: Use reduced-risk insecticides that are less harmful to non-target organisms and the environment.
- Targeted Applications: Apply insecticides only when and where they are needed to minimize environmental impacts.
19.4. Habitat Restoration:
- Native Plants: Restore habitats with native plants that are resistant to spotted lanternflies and support beneficial insects.
- Tree Diversity: Promote tree diversity in forests and urban landscapes to reduce the susceptibility of trees to spotted lanternfly damage.
19.5. Public Awareness:
- Education: Educate the public about spotted lanternflies and how to protect their properties.
- Community Involvement: Encourage community involvement in spotted lanternfly management efforts.
20. FAQ: Your Burning Questions About Baby Lantern Flies Answered
20.1. How quickly do spotted lanternflies reproduce?
Spotted lanternflies reproduce once a year, laying egg masses in the fall that hatch in the spring.
20.2. Are spotted lanternflies dangerous to humans or pets?
No, spotted lanternflies are not dangerous to humans or pets. They do not bite or sting.
20.3. Can spotted lanternflies fly long distances?
Yes, adult spotted lanternflies can fly, though they are not strong fliers. They can also be transported long distances by hitchhiking on vehicles and other objects.
20.4. What should I do if I find a spotted lanternfly on my property?
Kill it if possible, and report the sighting to your local county extension office or state Department of Agriculture.
20.5. How can I protect my trees from spotted lanternflies?
Use sticky bands or circle traps on tree trunks, and apply insecticidal sprays or systemic insecticides as needed.
20.6. Do spotted lanternflies only feed on Tree of Heaven?
No, spotted lanternflies feed on a wide range of plants, including grapevines, fruit trees, and maple trees.
20.7. Are there any natural predators of spotted lanternflies?
Some native insects and birds have been observed feeding on spotted lanternflies, but their impact on the population is limited.
20.8. How do I dispose of spotted lanternfly egg masses?
Scrape off the egg masses and destroy them by placing them in a bag with alcohol or hand sanitizer.
20.9. What is the best time of year to control spotted lanternflies?
The best time to control spotted lanternflies is in the fall and winter when they are in the egg stage, and in the spring and summer when they are nymphs and adults.
20.10. Where can I find more information about spotted lanternflies?
You can find more information about spotted lanternflies from your local county extension office, state Department of Agriculture, and university extension programs. Flyermedia.net also offers a variety of resources and articles on spotted lanternflies and other invasive pests.
Understanding what baby lantern flies look like is the first step in combating this invasive species. With the right knowledge and strategies, you can protect your property and contribute to the larger effort of controlling spotted lanternflies. For more in-depth information on aviation topics, including pilot training and career opportunities, visit flyermedia.net. Our comprehensive resources will keep you informed and prepared for success in the aviation field.
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