That uncomfortable sensation and muffled hearing during airplane ascents and descents, commonly known as “airplane ear,” happens because of the rapid changes in air pressure. The Eustachian tube, a small passage connecting your middle ear to the back of your nose and throat, is responsible for equalizing pressure. When the air pressure in your middle ear and the environment differ significantly, particularly during flight, your Eustachian tube may not adjust quickly enough, leading to that familiar popping and discomfort. Fortunately, there are several effective techniques you can employ to help prevent and alleviate this issue.
Simple Techniques to Relieve Ear Pressure During Flights
1. Yawn and Swallow Frequently: Activate Your Eustachian Tubes
Yawning and swallowing are simple yet powerful actions that can help open your Eustachian tubes. These actions engage the muscles responsible for opening these tubes, facilitating air pressure equalization. To maximize effectiveness, consciously yawn widely and swallow deliberately during both the ascent and descent phases of your flight. Chewing gum or sucking on hard candy can further encourage swallowing, making it a helpful strategy, especially for children.
2. The Valsalva Maneuver: A Gentle Pressure Equalizer
The Valsalva maneuver is a technique used to equalize pressure in your ears. To perform it, pinch your nostrils shut with your fingers, close your mouth, and gently try to blow air out of your nose. You should feel a slight pressure in your ears, indicating that the Eustachian tubes have opened and air pressure is being equalized. Repeat this maneuver several times, especially during descent, to proactively manage pressure changes. However, it’s important to perform the Valsalva maneuver gently to avoid potential ear damage.
3. Stay Awake During Takeoffs and Landings: Be Proactive with Self-Care
Being awake during takeoff and landing allows you to be proactive in employing ear pressure relief techniques as soon as you feel discomfort. If you’re asleep, you might miss the initial sensations of pressure build-up and not take timely action. By staying awake, you can actively monitor your ear pressure and use techniques like yawning, swallowing, or the Valsalva maneuver as needed to prevent ears from popping and minimize discomfort.
4. Utilize Nasal Sprays: Decongest Before You Fly
Nasal congestion due to allergies or a cold can exacerbate airplane ear by hindering the Eustachian tube’s ability to function properly. Using an over-the-counter nasal decongestant spray about 30 minutes to an hour before takeoff and landing can help open up nasal passages and Eustachian tubes. This allows for better air pressure equalization. However, it’s crucial to use nasal sprays as directed and avoid overuse, as prolonged use (beyond three to four days) can sometimes lead to rebound congestion, making the problem worse.
5. Consider Decongestant Pills: Oral Relief with Caution
Oral decongestant pills can also be considered to reduce nasal congestion and aid Eustachian tube function before flying. If you choose this option, take the decongestant about 30 minutes to an hour before your flight. However, oral decongestants are not suitable for everyone. Individuals with heart disease, heart rhythm disorders, high blood pressure, or pregnant women should avoid oral decongestants due to potential side effects and contraindications. Always consult with a healthcare professional if you have any underlying health conditions before using oral decongestants.
6. Manage Allergies with Medication: Pre-Flight Allergy Control
If you are prone to allergies, taking your allergy medication about an hour before your flight can be a helpful preventative measure. By controlling allergy symptoms, you can reduce nasal congestion and inflammation, which can improve Eustachian tube function and minimize the likelihood of ears popping and causing discomfort during the flight.
7. Explore Filtered Earplugs: Gradual Pressure Adjustment
Filtered earplugs are specifically designed to help regulate air pressure changes in your ear canal more gradually during flights. These earplugs contain a filter that slowly equalizes the pressure against your eardrum during ascents and descents. While they can be beneficial, it’s important to note that filtered earplugs are not a standalone solution. You may still need to use techniques like yawning and swallowing in conjunction with filtered earplugs to effectively relieve ear pressure and prevent popping. They are available at most drugstores, airport shops, and hearing clinics.
8. Reconsider Travel Plans When Sick: Avoid Flying with Congestion
If you are experiencing a cold, sinus infection, nasal congestion, or an ear infection, it is advisable to reconsider your travel plans if possible. Flying with these conditions significantly increases the risk of severe airplane ear and potential complications. If flying is unavoidable, consult your doctor for guidance on managing your symptoms and minimizing ear pressure issues during your flight. Similarly, if you’ve recently had ear surgery, it’s crucial to discuss with your doctor when it’s safe for you to fly again.
For individuals who frequently experience severe airplane ear or require frequent flights, or those undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy, a more long-term solution might be considered. In such cases, doctors may surgically insert small tubes into the eardrums. These tubes, known as tympanostomy tubes or pressure equalization (PE) tubes, help to drain fluid, ventilate the middle ear, and equalize pressure between the outer and middle ear more effectively. This procedure is typically reserved for individuals with chronic or severe airplane ear problems and is performed by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist.
By understanding the causes of airplane ear and implementing these preventative and relief strategies, you can significantly reduce discomfort and enjoy more pleasant and pain-free air travel.
