Eagles, symbols of freedom and power, are indeed capable of flight, showcasing remarkable aerial skills. At flyermedia.net, we delve into the fascinating world of eagle flight, covering everything from their soaring techniques to the adaptations that make them apex predators of the sky. Discover the science behind their powerful wings and their soaring capabilities, unlocking a deeper understanding of avian aerodynamics, raptor migration, and the vital role these birds play in our ecosystem.
1. What Makes Eagles Capable of Flight?
Eagles are capable of flight because of a combination of physical adaptations, including powerful wings, lightweight bones, and specialized feathers. These features enable them to soar effortlessly and hunt effectively. According to research from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, eagles’ wingspans can reach up to 8 feet, providing ample lift.
- Wing Structure: The primary flight feathers at the wingtips, known as “fingers,” create slots that reduce turbulence and allow for precise control during flight.
- Bone Structure: Eagles have hollow bones, which reduce their overall weight, making it easier to take off and stay airborne.
- Musculature: Powerful pectoral muscles allow eagles to generate the force needed for flapping flight, particularly during takeoff and when carrying prey.
- Feathers: Eagles’ feathers are designed to be both strong and flexible, allowing them to withstand the stresses of flight while providing lift and maneuverability.
Bald Eagle soaring high in the sky with its wings spread wide, showcasing its impressive wingspan
2. How Do Eagles Use Thermals to Soar?
Eagles use thermals to soar by circling within rising columns of warm air. According to the National Audubon Society, this technique allows them to gain altitude with minimal energy expenditure.
- Thermal Formation: Thermals are created when the sun heats the earth’s surface unevenly, causing warm air to rise.
- Circling Flight: Eagles circle within these thermals, allowing the rising air to lift them higher and higher.
- Energy Conservation: By using thermals, eagles can conserve energy, allowing them to travel long distances without constant flapping.
- Migration: This soaring technique is particularly important during migration, when eagles need to cover vast distances efficiently.
3. What Is the Typical Flight Speed of an Eagle?
The typical flight speed of an eagle varies depending on the species and flight conditions, but they generally fly at around 30 to 40 miles per hour (48 to 64 kilometers per hour). The Cornell Lab of Ornithology notes that eagles can reach much higher speeds when diving.
- Normal Flight: During normal flight, eagles maintain a steady speed that allows them to efficiently search for prey and navigate their territory.
- Diving Speed: When diving for prey, eagles can reach speeds of up to 100 miles per hour (160 kilometers per hour), making them one of the fastest-diving birds.
- Factors Affecting Speed: Wind conditions, altitude, and the eagle’s motivation (e.g., hunting versus traveling) can all affect its flight speed.
- Comparison to Other Birds: While fast, eagles’ diving speeds are comparable to those of other raptors like peregrine falcons.
4. How High Can Eagles Fly?
Eagles can fly to impressive altitudes, with some species reaching heights of up to 10,000 feet (3,000 meters) above sea level. The FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) recognizes that birds can pose a hazard to aviation at these altitudes.
- Altitude Variation: The maximum altitude an eagle can reach depends on factors such as species, location, and weather conditions.
- Hunting Advantage: Flying at high altitudes allows eagles to survey large areas for potential prey.
- Migration Routes: During migration, eagles often fly at high altitudes to take advantage of favorable wind currents and avoid obstacles.
- Airspace Regulations: Pilots need to be aware of potential bird strikes, especially in areas known to be eagle habitats, and adhere to FAA regulations.
5. What Are Some Unique Flying Techniques Used by Eagles?
Eagles use a variety of unique flying techniques, including soaring, gliding, and flapping flight. Jon M. Gerrard and Gary R. Bortolotti, who studied eagles, write that “Eagles are capable of sustained flapping flight but they usually spend little time doing it.”
- Soaring: Eagles use soaring to gain altitude with minimal energy expenditure, riding on thermals and updrafts.
- Gliding: Gliding allows eagles to cover long distances efficiently, descending gradually while conserving energy.
- Flapping Flight: Flapping flight is used for takeoff, landing, and maneuvering in tight spaces, but it requires more energy.
- Diving: Eagles use a specialized diving technique to capture prey, folding their wings and plummeting downwards at high speed.
6. Can Eagles Fly Long Distances?
Yes, eagles can fly long distances, particularly during migration. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has tracked eagles migrating thousands of miles each year.
- Migration Patterns: Many eagle populations migrate seasonally, traveling between breeding grounds and wintering areas.
- Distance Covered: Some eagles can travel hundreds or even thousands of miles during a single migration.
- Navigation: Eagles use a combination of visual landmarks, magnetic fields, and other cues to navigate during long-distance flights.
- Endurance: Their ability to soar and glide efficiently allows them to conserve energy and sustain long flights.
7. How Do Eagles Navigate During Migration?
Eagles navigate during migration using a combination of visual landmarks, magnetic fields, and learned behaviors. Research from the University of Minnesota has shown that eagles have a strong sense of direction.
- Visual Landmarks: Eagles use prominent features such as rivers, mountains, and coastlines to orient themselves during flight.
- Magnetic Fields: They can also detect the Earth’s magnetic field, which provides them with a sense of direction even in unfamiliar territory.
- Learned Behavior: Young eagles often learn migration routes from their parents or other experienced birds.
- Sun Compass: Some studies suggest that eagles may also use the position of the sun as a compass.
8. What Wing Adaptations Help Eagles Fly Efficiently?
Several wing adaptations help eagles fly efficiently, including their large wingspan, slotted wingtips, and flexible feathers. According to a study published in the Journal of Avian Biology, these adaptations reduce drag and increase lift.
- Large Wingspan: The large wingspan provides ample surface area for generating lift, allowing eagles to soar and glide with ease.
- Slotted Wingtips: The slotted wingtips reduce turbulence at the wingtips, improving aerodynamic efficiency.
- Flexible Feathers: Flexible feathers allow eagles to adjust the shape of their wings during flight, optimizing performance for different conditions.
- Aspect Ratio: Eagles have a high aspect ratio (long, narrow wings), which is ideal for soaring and gliding.
9. How Does the Weight of an Eagle Affect Its Ability to Fly?
The weight of an eagle significantly affects its ability to fly. Lighter eagles can take off more easily and soar more efficiently, while heavier eagles require more energy for flight.
- Weight-to-Wing Area Ratio: A lower weight-to-wing area ratio means that the eagle has more lift relative to its weight, making flight easier.
- Prey Load: When carrying prey, an eagle’s weight increases, making flight more challenging.
- Fat Reserves: Eagles store fat reserves to provide energy during long flights, but excessive weight can reduce their flight performance.
- Molting: During molting, eagles lose old feathers and grow new ones, which can temporarily affect their flight capabilities.
10. What Role Does Tail Feathers Play in an Eagle’s Flight?
Tail feathers play a crucial role in an eagle’s flight by providing stability, control, and maneuverability. The tail acts as a rudder, allowing the eagle to steer and balance in the air.
- Stability: The tail feathers help stabilize the eagle during flight, preventing it from wobbling or spinning.
- Steering: By adjusting the angle of its tail feathers, the eagle can steer left or right.
- Braking: The eagle can use its tail feathers to slow down or brake during landing.
- Maneuverability: The tail feathers also allow the eagle to make quick turns and adjustments while hunting or avoiding obstacles.
11. What is the Difference Between Soaring and Gliding for Eagles?
The difference between soaring and gliding for eagles lies in how they maintain or gain altitude. Soaring involves using rising air currents, while gliding involves descending gradually.
- Soaring: Eagles soar by circling within thermals or updrafts, allowing the rising air to lift them higher and higher.
- Gliding: Eagles glide by extending their wings and descending gradually, using gravity to propel them forward.
- Energy Expenditure: Soaring allows eagles to gain altitude with minimal energy expenditure, while gliding requires a gradual loss of altitude.
- Purpose: Soaring is often used to gain altitude for hunting or migration, while gliding is used to cover long distances efficiently.
12. How Do Young Eagles Learn to Fly?
Young eagles learn to fly through a process of trial and error, starting with short flights near the nest and gradually increasing their skills and endurance. According to the Raptor Resource Project, fledglings typically take their first flights at around 10 to 12 weeks of age.
- Nest Exercises: Before fledging, young eagles exercise their wings in the nest, building strength and coordination.
- First Flights: Their first flights are often clumsy and short, but they quickly improve with practice.
- Parental Guidance: Parents may encourage their young to fly by bringing food to them in the air or demonstrating flying techniques.
- Independent Practice: Young eagles spend a significant amount of time practicing their flying skills, gradually mastering the art of soaring, gliding, and maneuvering.
13. What Environmental Factors Affect Eagle Flight?
Several environmental factors can affect eagle flight, including wind conditions, temperature, and visibility. Weather patterns can influence their hunting and migration.
- Wind Speed: Strong winds can make it difficult for eagles to control their flight, while light winds can provide lift for soaring.
- Temperature: Warm air rises more readily, creating stronger thermals that eagles can use for soaring.
- Visibility: Poor visibility due to fog or rain can make it difficult for eagles to navigate and hunt.
- Air Pressure: Low air pressure at high altitudes can reduce the amount of lift generated by their wings, making flight more challenging.
14. How Do Eagles Adapt Their Flight for Hunting?
Eagles adapt their flight for hunting by using a combination of soaring, gliding, and diving techniques to locate and capture prey.
- Soaring and Scanning: Eagles soar at high altitudes to scan large areas for potential prey.
- Precise Gliding: Once they spot a target, they glide towards it, adjusting their speed and direction as needed.
- High-Speed Diving: When they are close enough, they dive towards their prey at high speed, using their sharp talons to snatch it from the ground or water.
- Maneuvering: They can also use their agility to maneuver in tight spaces, such as forests or canyons, to pursue prey.
15. Can Eagles Fly in the Rain or Snow?
Eagles can fly in the rain or snow, but it can be more challenging due to reduced visibility and increased weight from wet feathers.
- Reduced Visibility: Rain and snow can significantly reduce visibility, making it harder for eagles to locate prey and navigate.
- Increased Weight: Wet feathers can add weight, making it more difficult for eagles to take off and stay airborne.
- Energy Expenditure: Eagles may need to expend more energy to fly in adverse weather conditions, which can reduce their hunting efficiency.
- Shelter Seeking: During severe weather, eagles may seek shelter in trees or other protected areas.
16. What Are the Common Injuries That Affect an Eagle’s Ability to Fly?
Common injuries that affect an eagle’s ability to fly include broken wings, feather damage, and muscle injuries. These injuries can result from collisions, attacks, or accidents.
- Broken Wings: Broken wings are a common injury that can prevent an eagle from flying.
- Feather Damage: Damaged feathers can reduce an eagle’s ability to generate lift and control its flight.
- Muscle Injuries: Muscle injuries can weaken an eagle’s flight muscles, making it difficult to fly.
- Lead Poisoning: Lead poisoning can also impair an eagle’s ability to fly by affecting its nervous system and muscle function.
17. How Do Eagles Use Their Talons During Flight?
Eagles use their talons during flight primarily for capturing prey. They extend their talons just before striking their target, using them to grasp and secure the prey.
- Prey Capture: The sharp, curved talons are perfectly designed for grasping and holding onto slippery or struggling prey.
- Aerial Acrobatics: Eagles may also use their talons to help them maneuver in the air, particularly when hunting in tight spaces.
- Balance: The talons can also provide balance during flight, especially when carrying heavy loads.
- Defense: Eagles may use their talons to defend themselves against predators or competitors.
18. Do Eagles Fly Differently in Different Environments?
Yes, eagles fly differently in different environments, adapting their techniques to suit the specific conditions.
- Mountains: In mountainous areas, eagles use updrafts and thermals to soar and glide efficiently.
- Forests: In forests, they use their agility to maneuver through trees and branches while hunting.
- Open Water: Over open water, eagles may use a combination of soaring and gliding to search for fish.
- Deserts: In deserts, they rely on thermals to stay aloft and conserve energy in the hot, arid conditions.
19. How Does Altitude Affect the Flight of Eagles?
Altitude affects the flight of eagles by reducing air density, which can make it more difficult to generate lift.
- Reduced Air Density: At higher altitudes, the air is less dense, meaning there are fewer air molecules to push against the wings.
- Increased Effort: Eagles must work harder to generate lift in thinner air, which can reduce their flight efficiency.
- Oxygen Levels: Lower oxygen levels at high altitudes can also affect their endurance and performance.
- Adaptation: Some eagle species are better adapted to flying at high altitudes than others, with larger wings and more efficient respiratory systems.
20. What Role Do Eagles Play in the Ecosystem Through Their Flight and Hunting Behaviors?
Eagles play a crucial role in the ecosystem through their flight and hunting behaviors by helping to control populations of other animals and maintaining the balance of nature.
- Predator-Prey Dynamics: As apex predators, eagles help regulate populations of fish, birds, and mammals.
- Scavenging: They also scavenge on dead animals, which helps to prevent the spread of disease.
- Habitat Preservation: By requiring large areas of undisturbed habitat for nesting and hunting, eagles help to protect biodiversity and ecosystem health.
- Indicator Species: Eagles are considered indicator species, meaning their health and population levels can reflect the overall health of the environment.
21. How Do Eagles Use Wind Currents to Aid Their Flight?
Eagles expertly use wind currents to aid their flight, particularly for soaring and gliding, minimizing energy expenditure.
- Updrafts and Thermals: Eagles harness updrafts created by wind blowing against hills or cliffs, and thermals rising from warm surfaces, to gain altitude effortlessly.
- Headwinds and Tailwinds: They navigate headwinds by adjusting their flight angle and take advantage of tailwinds to increase their speed and reduce energy consumption.
- Dynamic Soaring: Some eagles use dynamic soaring techniques, exploiting wind gradients near the ocean surface to sustain flight with minimal flapping.
- Migration Efficiency: During long migrations, eagles strategically follow wind patterns to optimize their flight paths and conserve energy.
22. What Are Some Interesting Facts About Eagle Flight That Most People Don’t Know?
There are several interesting facts about eagle flight that most people don’t know.
- Eagles can lock their talons: Eagles possess a unique locking mechanism in their talons, allowing them to maintain a firm grip on their prey even during flight.
- Eagles have exceptional eyesight: Eagles have eyesight that is estimated to be four to five times better than that of humans, allowing them to spot prey from great distances.
- Eagles can fly at high altitudes: Some eagle species can soar to altitudes of up to 10,000 feet, allowing them to survey vast territories.
- Eagles can live for a long time: Some eagle species can live for several decades in the wild, allowing them to accumulate extensive knowledge of their environment and flight patterns.
23. What Types of Birds Can Fly Like Eagles?
Several types of birds share similar flight characteristics with eagles, primarily other large raptors that also rely on soaring and gliding.
- Hawks: Many hawk species, particularly those in the Buteo genus (e.g., Red-tailed Hawk), are adept at soaring and gliding using thermals.
- Vultures: Vultures are highly efficient soarers, using their large wingspans to cover vast distances while searching for carrion.
- Ospreys: Ospreys, like eagles, are skilled hunters that combine soaring with powerful dives to capture fish.
- Condors: Condors are among the largest flying birds and are known for their exceptional soaring abilities, using wind currents to stay aloft for hours.
24. How Can Humans Learn From the Flight of Eagles to Improve Aviation Technology?
Humans can learn a great deal from the flight of eagles to improve aviation technology, particularly in the areas of aerodynamics and energy efficiency.
- Wing Design: Studying the shape and structure of eagle wings can inspire new designs for aircraft wings that are more efficient and maneuverable.
- Soaring Techniques: Learning how eagles use thermals and updrafts to soar can help develop technologies for gliding and soaring aircraft.
- Flight Control Systems: Observing how eagles control their flight in different conditions can lead to improved flight control systems for airplanes and drones.
- Energy Efficiency: Understanding how eagles conserve energy during flight can inspire new approaches to reducing fuel consumption in aviation.
25. What Are Some Resources to Learn More About Eagle Flight and Aviation?
To learn more about eagle flight and aviation, consider exploring these resources.
- Flyermedia.net: Visit our website for in-depth articles, news, and resources on aviation and wildlife, including eagle flight.
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology: This is an excellent resource for learning about bird flight, including eagles, with detailed information and educational materials.
- National Audubon Society: This organization offers a wealth of information about bird conservation, including efforts to protect eagles and their habitats.
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University: Known for its aviation programs, this university provides research and insights into flight mechanics and aerodynamics. Address: 600 S Clyde Morris Blvd, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, United States. Phone: +1 (386) 226-6000.
- Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): The FAA offers resources on aviation safety, regulations, and airspace management, relevant to understanding the context of eagle flight.
26. Where Can You Observe Eagles Flying in the United States?
You can observe eagles flying in many locations across the United States, particularly in areas with abundant fish and undisturbed habitat.
- Alaska: Alaska is home to a large population of bald eagles, which can be seen soaring along the coastlines and rivers.
- Pacific Northwest: The Pacific Northwest, including Washington and Oregon, is another prime location for eagle viewing, especially during salmon runs.
- Chesapeake Bay: The Chesapeake Bay region has a thriving bald eagle population, with numerous nesting sites and opportunities for observation.
- Florida: Florida is home to both bald eagles and golden eagles, which can be seen in various parts of the state.
- National Parks: Many national parks, such as Yellowstone and Glacier, offer excellent opportunities for spotting eagles in their natural habitats.
27. What Conservation Efforts Help Eagles Maintain Their Ability to Fly?
Conservation efforts to help eagles maintain their ability to fly include habitat protection, reducing lead exposure, and preventing collisions with human-made structures.
- Habitat Protection: Protecting eagle nesting and foraging habitats ensures they have access to food and safe places to raise their young.
- Lead Reduction: Reducing lead exposure from ammunition and fishing tackle helps prevent lead poisoning, which can impair their ability to fly.
- Collision Prevention: Measures to prevent collisions with power lines, wind turbines, and other structures can reduce injuries and fatalities.
- Rehabilitation: Wildlife rehabilitation centers play a crucial role in rescuing and rehabilitating injured eagles, giving them a second chance at flight.
28. What Are Some Common Myths About Eagle Flight and Are They True?
There are several common myths about eagle flight, some of which are not entirely true.
- Myth: Eagles can fly non-stop for days. Reality: While eagles can soar and glide for long periods, they do need to land and rest periodically.
- Myth: Eagles always fly alone. Reality: Eagles are often solitary hunters, but they may also fly in pairs or small groups, especially during migration.
- Myth: Eagles are the fastest-flying birds. Reality: While eagles can dive at high speeds, they are not the fastest-flying birds overall. Peregrine falcons hold that record.
- Myth: All eagles migrate long distances. Reality: Some eagle populations are migratory, while others are resident and remain in the same area year-round.
29. How Do Eagles Overcome Physical Obstacles While Flying?
Eagles overcome physical obstacles while flying through a combination of skill, agility, and adaptability.
- Maneuvering: They use their maneuverability to navigate around trees, rocks, and other obstacles.
- Altitude Adjustment: They adjust their altitude to avoid flying directly into obstacles.
- Wind Compensation: They compensate for wind gusts and turbulence to maintain their course.
- Route Planning: They plan their flight paths to avoid known obstacles and hazards.
30. How Does Pollution Affect the Flight of Eagles?
Pollution can significantly affect the flight of eagles by contaminating their food sources, damaging their feathers, and impairing their overall health.
- Contaminated Prey: Pollutants such as mercury and PCBs can accumulate in fish and other prey, poisoning eagles that consume them.
- Feather Damage: Air pollution can damage eagle feathers, reducing their ability to generate lift and control their flight.
- Respiratory Problems: Air pollution can also cause respiratory problems in eagles, making it more difficult for them to breathe and fly.
- Habitat Degradation: Pollution can degrade eagle habitats, reducing the availability of food and nesting sites.
31. What Are the Ethical Considerations When Studying Eagle Flight?
Ethical considerations when studying eagle flight include minimizing disturbance to the birds, respecting their natural behavior, and obtaining necessary permits.
- Minimize Disturbance: Researchers should minimize their impact on eagles by avoiding nesting sites and using non-invasive observation techniques.
- Respect Natural Behavior: Studies should be designed to avoid altering eagle behavior or disrupting their natural routines.
- Obtain Permits: Researchers must obtain the necessary permits from government agencies before conducting any studies involving eagles.
- Data Sharing: Data from eagle flight studies should be shared openly and transparently to benefit conservation efforts.
32. How Can You Help Protect Eagles and Their Flight Habitats?
You can help protect eagles and their flight habitats by supporting conservation organizations, reducing pollution, and advocating for responsible land management practices.
- Support Conservation: Donate to or volunteer with organizations that work to protect eagles and their habitats.
- Reduce Pollution: Reduce your use of pesticides, herbicides, and other pollutants that can harm eagles and their prey.
- Advocate for Responsible Land Management: Support policies and practices that protect eagle habitats from development and degradation.
- Educate Others: Share information about eagles and their conservation needs with your friends, family, and community.
33. How Does Climate Change Impact the Flight Patterns and Habitats of Eagles?
Climate change significantly impacts the flight patterns and habitats of eagles by altering their food sources, breeding grounds, and migration routes.
- Altered Food Sources: Changes in temperature and precipitation can affect the availability of fish, birds, and mammals that eagles rely on for food.
- Shifting Breeding Grounds: Rising sea levels and changing vegetation patterns can alter eagle nesting habitats, forcing them to relocate.
- Disrupted Migration Routes: Changes in weather patterns and wind currents can disrupt eagle migration routes, making it more difficult for them to reach their destinations.
- Increased Competition: Habitat loss and fragmentation due to climate change can increase competition among eagles for limited resources.
34. What Are the Key Differences Between the Flight of Bald Eagles and Golden Eagles?
Key differences between the flight of bald eagles and golden eagles include their preferred habitats, hunting techniques, and flight styles.
- Preferred Habitats: Bald eagles are typically found near bodies of water, while golden eagles prefer mountainous and open areas.
- Hunting Techniques: Bald eagles primarily hunt fish, while golden eagles hunt a wider variety of prey, including mammals and birds.
- Flight Styles: Bald eagles often soar and glide over water, while golden eagles are more agile and acrobatic in their flight, particularly when hunting in mountainous terrain.
- Wing Morphology: Golden eagles tend to have slightly longer wings relative to their body size compared to bald eagles, enabling them to soar efficiently in varied terrains.
35. What Future Research Is Needed to Better Understand Eagle Flight?
Future research is needed to better understand eagle flight, including studies on the impacts of climate change, pollution, and habitat loss, as well as efforts to improve conservation strategies.
- Climate Change Impacts: More research is needed to understand how climate change is affecting eagle flight patterns, migration routes, and habitat use.
- Pollution Effects: Studies are needed to assess the long-term impacts of pollution on eagle health and flight performance.
- Habitat Loss: Research is needed to identify and protect critical eagle habitats from development and degradation.
- Conservation Strategies: Efforts should be made to develop and implement effective conservation strategies to protect eagles and their ability to fly.
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FAQ About Eagle Flight
-
Can Eagles Fly backward?
While eagles primarily fly forward, they can maneuver in ways that give the appearance of flying backward for short periods, particularly when landing or hovering. -
How do eagles handle turbulence?
Eagles handle turbulence by adjusting their wing and tail feathers to maintain stability and control, using their innate agility to navigate through rough air. -
What is the average lifespan of an eagle in relation to its flight abilities?
An eagle’s lifespan can be 20-30 years in the wild, and their flight abilities remain strong throughout their prime, typically declining with age-related health issues. -
How do eagles coordinate flight in pairs or groups?
Eagles coordinate flight in pairs or groups through visual and vocal cues, maintaining spacing and adjusting their flight paths in unison. -
Do eagles sleep while flying?
While it’s unlikely eagles sleep while actively flying, some theories suggest they may engage in short periods of unihemispheric sleep, where one half of the brain rests while the other remains alert. -
What is the maximum weight an eagle can carry while flying?
The maximum weight an eagle can carry while flying varies by species but typically ranges from half to equal their own body weight, depending on their strength and wing size. -
How does molting affect an eagle’s ability to fly?
Molting can temporarily affect an eagle’s flight, as the loss of old feathers and growth of new ones can impact their aerodynamic efficiency, but they typically molt gradually to minimize disruption. -
Can eagles fly in space?
Eagles cannot fly in space, as they require air to generate lift and breathe, and space lacks both. -
How do eagles use their eyesight in relation to their flight?
Eagles use their exceptional eyesight to spot prey from great distances, navigate terrain, and coordinate their flight paths with precision. -
What is the evolutionary history of eagle flight?
The evolutionary history of eagle flight traces back to ancient raptors that developed specialized adaptations, such as powerful wings, lightweight bones, and keen eyesight, enabling them to become apex predators of the sky.
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