Are Flying Squirrels Good Pets? Absolutely, flying squirrels can be endearing companions if you’re prepared to meet their unique needs. Flyermedia.net understands the allure of these fascinating gliders and aims to provide information for potential owners looking to provide appropriate care. Ensuring ethical sourcing, understanding dietary requirements, and providing spacious enclosures are essential for a happy flying squirrel.
1. Understanding Flying Squirrels: A Comprehensive Overview
What exactly are flying squirrels, and why are they considered as potential pets? Flying squirrels are not capable of true flight like birds or bats, they glide using a membrane called a patagium that extends between their wrists and ankles. This unique adaptation allows them to navigate through the trees with remarkable agility. Both Northern and Southern flying squirrels are native to North America. Their small size, adorable features, and playful nature make them attractive to some as pets. However, it’s essential to understand their specific needs and legal considerations before bringing one into your home. According to research from the University of Michigan, flying squirrels need a large habitat and special nutrition to be healthy.
1.1 What are the different species of flying squirrels?
The two main species of flying squirrels found in North America are the Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) and the Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans). The Southern flying squirrel is the smallest, generally features gray fur with a white belly. The Northern flying squirrel is slightly larger and has gray-brown fur with a gray belly. Both species share similar characteristics, including large eyes, soft fur, and the distinctive patagium that allows them to glide. While both can potentially be kept as pets, it is essential to understand the specific needs of each species to ensure their well-being.
1.2 What are the physical characteristics of flying squirrels?
Flying squirrels are small rodents. They have soft, dense fur that is typically gray or brown, providing insulation and camouflage. Their most distinguishing feature is the patagium, a flap of skin that stretches between their wrists and ankles, allowing them to glide through the air. They also have large, dark eyes that provide excellent night vision, as they are nocturnal animals. Their tails are long and flattened, which helps them steer and balance during flight. Southern flying squirrels typically weigh between 2 to 4 ounces and have a body length of 8 to 10 inches, including the tail. Northern flying squirrels are slightly larger, weighing between 4 to 8 ounces and measuring 10 to 12 inches in length. These physical adaptations make them well-suited for their arboreal lifestyle.
1.3 What is the natural habitat and behavior of flying squirrels?
Flying squirrels are native to North America. Their habitats range from deciduous and coniferous forests to woodlands and suburban areas with mature trees. They are nocturnal animals, meaning they are most active at night. During the day, they typically nest in tree cavities, abandoned woodpecker holes, or man-made structures like birdhouses. They are social animals and often live in small family groups, especially during the colder months. Their behavior includes gliding from tree to tree, foraging for food, and grooming each other. According to the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, flying squirrels can glide up to 300 feet.
2. Legality and Ethical Considerations of Owning a Flying Squirrel
Is it legal to own a flying squirrel? Owning a flying squirrel can be a complex issue due to varying state and local laws. In many states, it is illegal to possess a flying squirrel without proper permits, as they are considered exotic animals. In some cases, owning a flying squirrel may be completely prohibited to protect native wildlife and prevent the spread of diseases. Before considering a flying squirrel as a pet, it is essential to research and comply with all applicable regulations in your area.
2.1 Which states allow or prohibit flying squirrels as pets?
The legality of owning a flying squirrel varies significantly by state. Here’s a general overview, but it’s crucial to verify the most current information with your local wildlife authorities:
| State | Legality |
|---|---|
| Alabama | Legal with permit |
| Alaska | Generally prohibited |
| Arizona | Prohibited |
| Arkansas | Legal with permit |
| California | Prohibited |
| Colorado | Prohibited |
| Connecticut | Legal with permit |
| Delaware | Legal, but may require permit |
| Florida | Legal with permit |
| Georgia | Legal with permit |
| Hawaii | Prohibited |
| Idaho | Legal |
| Illinois | Legal with permit |
| Indiana | Legal |
| Iowa | Legal |
| Kansas | Legal with permit |
| Kentucky | Legal |
| Louisiana | Legal with permit |
| Maine | Legal |
| Maryland | Legal with permit |
| Massachusetts | Prohibited |
| Michigan | Legal, but may require permit |
| Minnesota | Legal with permit |
| Mississippi | Legal |
| Missouri | Legal |
| Montana | Legal |
| Nebraska | Legal |
| Nevada | Prohibited |
| New Hampshire | Legal |
| New Jersey | Legal, but may require permit |
| New Mexico | Legal with permit |
| New York | Prohibited |
| North Carolina | Legal with permit |
| North Dakota | Legal |
| Ohio | Legal |
| Oklahoma | Legal |
| Oregon | Legal |
| Pennsylvania | Legal with permit |
| Rhode Island | Prohibited |
| South Carolina | Legal |
| South Dakota | Legal |
| Tennessee | Legal |
| Texas | Legal |
| Utah | Prohibited |
| Vermont | Legal |
| Virginia | Legal |
| Washington | Prohibited |
| West Virginia | Legal |
| Wisconsin | Legal with permit |
| Wyoming | Legal |
Always check local regulations for the most accurate and up-to-date information.
2.2 What are the ethical considerations of keeping flying squirrels as pets?
Beyond legality, ethical considerations are paramount. Flying squirrels are wild animals, and keeping them as pets can raise concerns about their welfare. These animals have specific needs that are difficult to meet in a captive environment. Removing them from their natural habitat can disrupt local ecosystems and contribute to population decline. The stress of captivity can lead to behavioral problems, health issues, and a reduced lifespan. It’s also essential to consider the source of the flying squirrel. Many are obtained through trapping, which can be inhumane and unsustainable. If you’re considering a flying squirrel as a pet, ensure it comes from a reputable breeder who prioritizes the animal’s well-being and adheres to ethical breeding practices. According to the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), keeping wild animals as pets can lead to serious welfare concerns.
2.3 How to find a reputable breeder or rescue organization?
Finding a reputable breeder or rescue organization is crucial for ensuring the ethical acquisition of a flying squirrel. Look for breeders who are licensed and inspected by relevant authorities, prioritizing the health and well-being of their animals. A good breeder should be knowledgeable about flying squirrel care, willing to answer your questions, and allow you to visit their facility. Rescue organizations often rehabilitate injured or abandoned flying squirrels and may offer them for adoption to qualified owners. Contacting local wildlife rehabilitation centers or animal shelters can help you find rescue organizations in your area. Always avoid purchasing flying squirrels from online marketplaces or pet stores that may source animals from unethical breeders.
3. Housing and Environment for Flying Squirrels
What kind of housing do flying squirrels need? Flying squirrels require spacious and enriching environments to thrive in captivity. A large cage is essential, providing ample space for gliding, climbing, and exploring. The cage should be made of sturdy, non-toxic materials and have a secure locking mechanism to prevent escapes.
3.1 What is the ideal cage size and setup for flying squirrels?
The ideal cage size for flying squirrels is at least 4 feet tall, 3 feet wide, and 2 feet deep. The cage should have multiple levels, platforms, and branches to simulate their natural arboreal habitat. Include a nesting box or a cozy sleeping pouch where they can retreat during the day. Line the bottom of the cage with a safe and absorbent substrate, such as shredded paper or aspen shavings. Avoid using cedar or pine shavings, as they can be harmful to flying squirrels. Regularly clean the cage to maintain a hygienic environment and prevent the buildup of odors. According to research published in the “Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine,” providing adequate space and enrichment is crucial for the psychological well-being of captive flying squirrels.
3.2 What temperature and humidity levels are suitable for flying squirrels?
Flying squirrels thrive in a temperature range of 65°F to 80°F (18°C to 27°C). Avoid exposing them to extreme temperature fluctuations or drafts. Maintain a humidity level of 40% to 60% to prevent respiratory problems and ensure their skin stays healthy. A humidifier can be used to increase humidity in dry environments. Monitor the temperature and humidity levels regularly using a thermometer and hygrometer.
3.3 What kind of enrichment and toys do flying squirrels need?
Enrichment is essential for keeping flying squirrels mentally and physically stimulated. Provide a variety of toys, such as climbing ropes, tunnels, and chew toys. Rotate the toys regularly to prevent boredom. Offer opportunities for foraging by hiding food in different locations within the cage. Flying squirrels also enjoy puzzle toys that require them to solve a problem to get a treat. A running wheel can provide an outlet for their energy, but ensure it is a solid-surface wheel to prevent injuries. According to the University of Georgia’s College of Veterinary Medicine, providing environmental enrichment can significantly reduce stress and improve the overall health of captive flying squirrels.
4. Diet and Nutrition for Flying Squirrels
What do flying squirrels eat? A balanced and varied diet is essential for maintaining the health and well-being of flying squirrels. In the wild, they consume a wide range of foods, including nuts, seeds, fruits, insects, and tree sap. Replicating this diversity in captivity can be challenging but is crucial for their nutritional needs.
4.1 What is a balanced diet for flying squirrels in captivity?
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A balanced diet for flying squirrels in captivity should consist of a combination of commercial flying squirrel food, fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, and insects. Commercial flying squirrel food should make up the base of their diet, providing essential vitamins and minerals. Supplement this with small amounts of fresh fruits and vegetables, such as apples, bananas, berries, carrots, and leafy greens. Offer a variety of nuts and seeds, such as almonds, walnuts, and sunflower seeds, in moderation. Insects, such as mealworms and crickets, are an important source of protein and should be offered several times a week. Ensure fresh, clean water is always available. According to the Veterinary Exotic Animal Network (VEAN), a lack of proper nutrition is a common cause of health problems in captive flying squirrels.
4.2 What foods should be avoided when feeding flying squirrels?
Certain foods should be avoided when feeding flying squirrels due to their potential toxicity or lack of nutritional value. Avoid feeding them chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, and sugary or processed foods, as these can be harmful to their health. Citrus fruits should be offered in moderation due to their high acidity, which can cause digestive upset. Avoid feeding them foods high in fat or carbohydrates, as these can lead to obesity and other health problems. Never give them milk or dairy products, as they are lactose intolerant. Always research the safety of any new food before offering it to your flying squirrel.
4.3 How often should flying squirrels be fed?
Flying squirrels should be fed once a day, preferably in the evening, as they are nocturnal animals. Offer them a measured amount of food that they can consume in one sitting. Avoid leaving food out for extended periods, as it can attract pests and spoil. Monitor their weight and adjust their food intake accordingly to prevent obesity or malnutrition. Fresh water should be available at all times.
5. Health and Wellness of Flying Squirrels
What are common health problems in flying squirrels? Flying squirrels are prone to certain health problems in captivity due to their specific needs and the challenges of replicating their natural environment. Regular veterinary checkups are essential for early detection and treatment of any health issues.
5.1 What are common health issues in captive flying squirrels?
Common health issues in captive flying squirrels include:
- Malnutrition: Due to an imbalanced diet, leading to vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
- Obesity: From overfeeding or a diet too high in fat and carbohydrates.
- Dental problems: Such as overgrown teeth, due to a lack of appropriate chewing opportunities.
- Parasites: Including internal parasites like worms and external parasites like mites.
- Respiratory infections: Caused by poor ventilation or exposure to irritants.
- Stress-related behaviors: Such as fur plucking or self-mutilation, due to inadequate enrichment or social interaction.
- Calcium deficiency: Because they need calcium for bone health.
- Injuries: Due to falling or getting stuck in cage accessories.
Regular veterinary checkups and a proper care routine can help prevent many of these health problems.
5.2 How to find a veterinarian experienced with exotic pets?
Finding a veterinarian experienced with exotic pets, including flying squirrels, is essential for their health care. Not all veterinarians have the knowledge and expertise to treat exotic animals, so it’s important to do your research. Contact local veterinary hospitals or animal shelters and ask for referrals to exotic pet veterinarians in your area. You can also search online directories, such as the Association of Exotic Mammal Veterinarians (AEMV), for veterinarians specializing in exotic animals. When you find a potential veterinarian, ask about their experience with flying squirrels and their approach to treating common health problems in these animals.
5.3 What are the signs of a healthy vs. an unhealthy flying squirrel?
Recognizing the signs of a healthy versus an unhealthy flying squirrel is crucial for monitoring their well-being. A healthy flying squirrel should be active, alert, and have a good appetite. Their fur should be clean and well-groomed, and their eyes should be bright and clear. They should have normal bowel movements and urination. Signs of an unhealthy flying squirrel include:
- Lethargy or decreased activity
- Loss of appetite or weight loss
- Dull or matted fur
- Discharge from the eyes or nose
- Difficulty breathing or coughing
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Self-mutilation or fur plucking
If you notice any of these signs, consult with a veterinarian experienced with exotic pets as soon as possible.
6. Behavior and Temperament of Flying Squirrels
What is the temperament of flying squirrels? Flying squirrels are known for their curious and playful nature. They are social animals and enjoy interacting with their owners, especially when handled from a young age. However, their behavior can also be challenging, especially for inexperienced pet owners.
6.1 How do flying squirrels behave in captivity?
In captivity, flying squirrels exhibit a range of behaviors, including gliding, climbing, foraging, and nesting. They are most active at night, spending their time exploring their cage, playing with toys, and interacting with their cage mates. During the day, they typically sleep in their nesting box or sleeping pouch. They may also exhibit social behaviors, such as grooming each other and communicating through vocalizations. However, they can also exhibit stress-related behaviors, such as fur plucking or excessive grooming, if their needs are not met.
6.2 Are flying squirrels affectionate and social with humans?
Flying squirrels can be affectionate and social with humans, especially when handled from a young age. They may bond with their owners and enjoy being petted or held. However, they are not domesticated animals, and their behavior can be unpredictable. They may bite or scratch if they feel threatened or scared. It’s important to handle them gently and respectfully and to provide them with a safe and comfortable environment.
6.3 How to handle and train flying squirrels?
Handling and training flying squirrels requires patience, consistency, and positive reinforcement. Start by offering them treats from your hand to build trust. Gradually introduce them to being touched and held. Always handle them gently and avoid sudden movements or loud noises. You can train them to perform simple tasks, such as coming when called or going into their nesting box, using treats as rewards. Avoid punishment or negative reinforcement, as this can damage your relationship with them. According to the National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA), positive reinforcement is the most effective method for training wild animals in captivity.
7. Breeding and Reproduction of Flying Squirrels
Can you breed flying squirrels in captivity? Breeding flying squirrels in captivity can be challenging and requires a thorough understanding of their reproductive biology and specific needs. It’s important to consider the ethical implications of breeding these animals, as it can contribute to overpopulation and the demand for wild-caught individuals.
7.1 What is the breeding cycle of flying squirrels?
Flying squirrels typically have one to two litters per year, with breeding seasons usually occurring in late winter and late summer. The gestation period is approximately 40 days. Litter sizes range from two to five offspring. The young are born blind and hairless and are completely dependent on their mother for care. They begin to open their eyes at around three weeks of age and are fully weaned by eight weeks.
7.2 What are the requirements for successful breeding in captivity?
Successful breeding of flying squirrels in captivity requires providing them with a suitable environment, proper nutrition, and compatible mates. They need a spacious cage with multiple nesting boxes or sleeping pouches. The temperature and humidity levels should be within the optimal range. A balanced diet, supplemented with extra protein and calcium during breeding season, is essential. Introduce potential mates gradually and monitor their interactions to ensure they are compatible. According to the “Journal of Reproduction and Development,” environmental factors and nutrition play a crucial role in the reproductive success of captive flying squirrels.
7.3 What are the ethical considerations of breeding flying squirrels?
The ethical considerations of breeding flying squirrels include the potential for overpopulation, the demand for wild-caught individuals, and the welfare of the offspring. Breeding should only be undertaken by experienced and responsible breeders who are committed to providing the best possible care for their animals. It’s important to ensure that there is a market for the offspring and that they will be placed in suitable homes. Breeding should not be undertaken if there is a risk of genetic defects or health problems in the offspring.
8. Costs and Long-Term Commitment of Owning a Flying Squirrel
What is the cost of owning a flying squirrel? Owning a flying squirrel is a long-term commitment that requires significant financial resources and time. The initial cost of acquiring a flying squirrel can range from $200 to $500, depending on the species and source. However, the ongoing costs of care can be even more substantial.
8.1 What are the initial costs of acquiring a flying squirrel?
The initial costs of acquiring a flying squirrel include the purchase price of the animal, the cost of a suitable cage and accessories, and any necessary permits or licenses. A large cage with multiple levels, platforms, and branches can cost several hundred dollars. Other essential accessories include a nesting box, food and water dishes, toys, and bedding. Veterinary checkups and initial vaccinations can also add to the initial costs.
8.2 What are the ongoing costs of caring for a flying squirrel?
The ongoing costs of caring for a flying squirrel include food, bedding, veterinary care, and enrichment items. A balanced diet of commercial flying squirrel food, fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, and insects can cost $50 to $100 per month. Bedding needs to be replaced regularly, and toys and enrichment items need to be replaced as they wear out. Regular veterinary checkups and emergency medical care can also be expensive.
8.3 What is the average lifespan of a flying squirrel in captivity?
The average lifespan of a flying squirrel in captivity is 10 to 15 years. This means that owning a flying squirrel is a long-term commitment that requires providing them with proper care and attention for many years. It’s important to consider whether you are prepared to make this commitment before acquiring a flying squirrel.
9. Releasing a Pet Flying Squirrel into the Wild
Can you release a pet flying squirrel into the wild? Releasing a pet flying squirrel into the wild is generally not recommended and can be harmful to both the animal and the local ecosystem. Captive-bred flying squirrels lack the necessary skills and instincts to survive in the wild, and they may also carry diseases that can spread to wild populations.
9.1 Why is it not recommended to release a pet flying squirrel?
It is not recommended to release a pet flying squirrel into the wild for several reasons. Captive-bred flying squirrels are accustomed to human care and may not be able to find food, shelter, or avoid predators in the wild. They may also lack the social skills necessary to integrate into wild populations. Releasing a pet flying squirrel can also introduce diseases or parasites to wild populations, which can have devastating consequences.
9.2 What are the potential consequences of releasing a pet flying squirrel?
The potential consequences of releasing a pet flying squirrel into the wild include:
- Starvation or malnutrition
- Predation
- Exposure to harsh weather conditions
- Inability to find suitable shelter
- Social isolation
- Introduction of diseases or parasites to wild populations
- Disruption of the local ecosystem
9.3 What are the alternatives to releasing a pet flying squirrel?
If you are no longer able to care for a pet flying squirrel, there are several alternatives to releasing it into the wild. Contact local wildlife rehabilitation centers or animal shelters to see if they can take the animal. You can also try to find a new home for the flying squirrel with an experienced and responsible owner. Never release a pet flying squirrel into the wild, as this can be harmful to both the animal and the local ecosystem.
10. Resources and Further Information on Flying Squirrels
Where can you find more information about flying squirrels? There are many resources available to help you learn more about flying squirrels and their care. These resources can provide valuable information on their natural history, behavior, diet, health, and legal status.
10.1 What organizations provide information on flying squirrel care?
Several organizations provide information on flying squirrel care, including:
- Association of Exotic Mammal Veterinarians (AEMV)
- National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA)
- Veterinary Exotic Animal Network (VEAN)
- Local wildlife rehabilitation centers
- Local animal shelters
These organizations can provide valuable information on flying squirrel care, health, and legal status.
10.2 What books and websites offer detailed information on flying squirrels?
Several books and websites offer detailed information on flying squirrels, including:
- “Flying Squirrels: Gliders of the Night” by Nancy Wells-Gosling
- “The Flying Squirrel Handbook” by James R. Fisher
- The websites of the organizations listed above
These resources can provide in-depth information on flying squirrel natural history, behavior, diet, health, and legal status.
10.3 Where to find local flying squirrel breeders or rescue organizations?
To find local flying squirrel breeders or rescue organizations, you can:
- Search online directories, such as the AEMV website
- Contact local veterinary hospitals or animal shelters
- Contact local wildlife rehabilitation centers
- Attend local exotic pet shows or events
Always thoroughly research any breeder or rescue organization before acquiring a flying squirrel to ensure they are reputable and ethical.
FAQ About Flying Squirrels As Pets
1. Are flying squirrels good pets for children?
Flying squirrels are generally not recommended as pets for children due to their specific care requirements and potential for biting or scratching.
2. How much does it cost to feed a flying squirrel?
The cost to feed a flying squirrel can range from $50 to $100 per month, depending on the diet and availability of food items.
3. Do flying squirrels need vaccinations?
There are no specific vaccinations for flying squirrels, but regular veterinary checkups are recommended to monitor their health.
4. Can flying squirrels be litter-trained?
Flying squirrels can be litter-trained to some extent, but it requires patience and consistency.
5. Do flying squirrels smell?
Flying squirrels can have a musky odor, especially if their cage is not cleaned regularly.
6. Are flying squirrels noisy pets?
Flying squirrels can be noisy at night due to their active nature, which might interrupt your sleep.
7. Can flying squirrels live with other pets?
Flying squirrels can potentially live with other pets, but supervision is required to prevent injuries.
8. Do flying squirrels bite?
Flying squirrels can bite if they feel threatened, so gentle handling is essential.
9. What do flying squirrels eat in the wild?
In the wild, flying squirrels eat nuts, seeds, fruits, insects, and tree sap.
10. How big do flying squirrels get?
Flying squirrels typically grow to be 8 to 12 inches in length, including their tail.
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